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Chapter 3: The Social Self. Part 1: Jan. 31, 2012. Self-Concept. Beliefs we have about ourselves Self-schemas are part of this: Recognize images of ourselves betw 18-24 mos. Then, social factors become important 5 main sources of forming the self-concept:
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Chapter 3: The Social Self Part 1: Jan. 31, 2012
Self-Concept • Beliefs we have about ourselves • Self-schemas are part of this: • Recognize images of ourselves betw 18-24 mos. • Then, social factors become important • 5 main sources of forming the self-concept: • Introspection, perceptions of our behavior, others’ influence, memories, & culture
Sources • Introspection – consider your own feelings • But may be difficult to describe accurately • What is “Affective forecasting”? • Impact bias? • Perceptions of our own behavior: • Bem’s self-perception theory: what is it?
Self-perception can influence our emotions • Facial Feedback – changes in facial expression can trigger change in our emotion • Example? • New research on ‘embodied cognition’ – our judgments and behaviors reflect our body’s cues • Examples?
Self-perception can influence our motivation • Overjustification effect – what is it? • Children’s motivation research:
3. Influence of other people – • Social comparison theory (Festinger): • When is this most often used? • With whom do we compare ourselves? • Effects of context:
4. Autobiographical memories – Recall earlier events to shape self-concept: What stages tend to be recalled? 1. 2. What is the effect of ‘flashbulb memories’? • may not be accurate (self-presentation effects)
Culture & self-concept: • Individualism (I) vs. collectivism (C) • I cultures = • C cultures = • What is the focus of self-definitions in these cultures? • Markus’ research on the self as part of a group:
