Tyler May & Meg Tirado

1. Women in public life Tyler May & Meg Tirado

2. Women in the work force • To keep children safe and there husbands rested upper and middle class women felt obligated to make their home a place of refuge. From the excitement and the distractions of the outside world • However poor women had no other choice but to work hard either in the home or outside of it FARM WOMEN • Perform such tasks as cooking, cleaning, and sewing, if there husbands were ill or absent they had to plow, plant the fields and harvest the crops DOMESTIC WORKERS • Shortly after African Americans were freed from slavery poverty drove them into the work force • In 1890 one million African American women held jobs. While 38% of them labored on farms 46% toiled as domestic servants • African American women filled positions such as cooks, maids, laundresses, and scrub women • Unmarried immigrant women often did domestic labor

3. WOMEN IN INDUSTRY • In tobacco industries nearly 40% of the employees were women • They also worked in canaries, book binderies, in packing plants, and commercial laundries • As opportunities expanded women started to fill jobs in offices, stores, and classrooms. (these jobs required a high school education) • By 1890 women high school graduates out number men's

4. WOMEN IN HIGHER EDUCATION • Many of the women who became active in public live attended women colleges. • Though Columbia, Brown, and Harvard colleges refused to admit women each of the universities established a separate college for them • When women started to attend college marriage was no longer the only alternative • Almost half of all college educated women in the late 19th century were never married. • Most educated women started to apply their skills to needed social reforms.

5. Women in Reform • Women often strove to improve conditions at work and home, because they we not allowed to vote or hold office • The NACW, National association of Colored Women, was founded in 1896. The Fight for the Vote • Suffrage is the right to vote • Prominent leaders of the suffrage crusade included Anthony, Elizabeth caddy Stanton, Lousy Stone, Julia Ward Howe • During reconstruction the 14th and 15th amendment granted black men the right to vote. • Some women approved of the amendments however some disproved because of the exclusion of women

6. A Three Part strategy for suffrage • These suffrage leaders tried three different approaches to achieve there objective • First they convinced legislators to give women the right to vote • Second women challenged the 14th amendment. • Thirdly women pursed for another amendment which in turn would give them the right to vote • In 1876 the senate committee killed the Anthony amendment • Women tried for the next 18 years to try and have it reintroduced • Despite the three pronged approach the women suffrage achieved only modest success.