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Territorial Integrity: Xingjiang

Territorial Integrity: Xingjiang. Background. 1.6 million square km in size. Borders Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. Abundant oil reserves. Largest natural gas producing region of China.

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Territorial Integrity: Xingjiang

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  1. Territorial Integrity: Xingjiang

  2. Background • 1.6 million square km in size. • Borders Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. • Abundant oil reserves. • Largest natural gas producing region of China. • Known as ‘Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region’ or ‘East Turkestan’.

  3. Demographic • Xinjiang is home to several ethnic groups: • Uyghurs • Uzbeks • Kyrgyz • Tatars • Kazakhs • Iranians, etc • Majority of the population adheres to Islam.

  4. Xinjiang nationalities

  5. History • 1912 Qing Dynasty replaced by the Republic of China, control of the Xinjiang area taken over. • Nov 1933 self proclaimed ‘East Turkestan’, but overthrown. • 1937 Soviet Invasion in Xinjiang War. • Second ‘East Turkestan Republic’ established 1944-1949 with Soviet support. This ended when People’s Liberation Army entered Xinjiang in 1949. (revolution v. invasion?)

  6. History • During Chinese Famine Xinjiang lost a lot of residents to the Soviet Union and East China. • Student demonstrations in the 1980s • Separatist Movement: • 1990 Riots in the Baren Township (20 deaths) • 1997 Ghulja Incident • 1997 Urumqi bus bombings

  7. Recent Events • 2007 Xinjiang Raid • 2008 thwarted Suicide Bombing on China Southern Airlines flight • 2008 Xinjiang attack (deaths of 16 police officers 4 days before the Beijing Olympics) • July 2009 Urumqi riots • September 2009 Xinjiang unrest • 2010 Aksu bombing (led to trials of 376 people) • 2012 – April: PRC hints at Uighur terrorism links to Pakistan

  8. Articles • “A year after Xinjiang Riots, Ethnic tensions simmer” • “Armed Han residents take to streets of Urumqi seeking revenge” • Council of Foreign Relations Article – on wikispaces

  9. Activity • How does the Xinjiang area relate to the national interest of ‘Territorial Integrity’? • What reasons do the Uighur give for their protests? • What are some similarities and differences between the Uighur protests in Xinjiang and the Taiwan independence movements?

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