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A TPC for the Linear Collider

Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics 2014 Novosibirsk , Russia. A TPC for the Linear Collider. P. Colas, on behalf of the LCTPC collaboration. The LCTPC collaboration The common test setup Micromegas and GEMs Results on resolution

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A TPC for the Linear Collider

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  1. Instrumentation for CollidingBeamPhysics 2014 Novosibirsk, Russia A TPC for the LinearCollider P. Colas, on behalf of the LCTPC collaboration

  2. The LCTPC collaboration • The common test setup • Micromegas and GEMs • Results on resolution • Multi-modules studies : alignment, distortions • Ion backfloweffects • 2-phase CO2 cooling • Electronics for the real detector Contents P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  3. If the ILC isbuilt, 104Higgswillbeproducedaccompanied by a Z ->µµ or ee. In contrastwith LHC where production involvesseveralprocesses, the Higgs- Strahlung at ILC provides an unbiased tag of Higgsesindependent of theirdecay, allowing a model-independentdetermination of the BRs, including invisible modes Note: thisstudywasdonewithmH=120 GeV e+e- -> HZ, Z->µµ B=3.5 T The 125 GeVHiggs at the ILC P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  4. 27 signatories 5 pending 13 observers All R&D for ILC carried out here Reviewed by ECFA panel (mostrecent Nov. 2013) THE LCTPC COLLABORATION www.lctpc.org P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  5. Requirements : self-sustained double cylinderwith a fielduniformityDE/E ~ 2x10-4 . Dimensions 4.7 m x f 3.62 m • rfresolution < 100 µm at all drift distances • zresolution O(500 µm) • For extreme case of 500 GeVtracks : systematics on the sagitta to becontrolled down to 10 µm! • Inner barrel matter < 1% X0 • Outer barrel matter < 5% X0 • Endcapmatter < 25% X0 and thickness < 10 cm • (thisimplies mass < 500 kg) inner sensitive radius 395 mm outer sensitive radius 1739 mm drift length2250 mm The ILD TPC P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  6. 3 to 8 ‘wheels’ (GEM size limited) 4-wheel scheme : 80 modules/endplate, 4 kinds, about 40 x 40 cm² (T2K size) • 8-wheel scheme: 240 modules, 8 kinds, • 21x17 cm² (presentbeam-test size) • Advantages of larger modules: • Easier to align • Fewerdifferentshapes • Lessboundaries (thuslessdistortions and less cracks) P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  7. The EUDET setup at DESY isoperationalsince 2008 • Upgraded in 2012 within AIDA: autonomousmagnetwith 2 cryo-coolers SiPM trigger Field cage The EUDET test setup at DESY P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  8. Laser-etched Double GEMs 100µm thick (‘AsianGEMs’) • Micromegaswith charge dispersion by resistive anode • GEM + pixel readout • InGrid (integratedMicromegasgridwith pixel readout) • Wet-etched triple GEMs (‘EuropeanGEMs’) Beam tests at DESY : 5 technologies P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  9. Double-GEM modules: Laser-etchedLiquid Crystal Polymer100 µm thick, by SciEnergy, Japan 28 staggeredrows of 176-192 pads 1.2 x 5.4 mm² AsianGEMs P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  10. 3 standard CERN GEMsmounted on a light ceramic frame (1 mm) and segmented in 4 to reducestoredenergy. Eachmodule has 5000 pads, 1.26 x 5.85 mm² 3 modules equipped (10,000 channels) EuropeanGEMs P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  11. WithMicromegas, the avalanche istoolocalized to allow charge sharing: a resistivecoating on an insulatorprovides a Resistive-Capacitive 2D network to spread the charge Variousresistivecoatings have been tried: Carbon-loadedKapton (CLK), 3 and 5 MOhm/square, resistiveink. Micromegaswithresistivecoating 24 rows x 72 columns of 3 x 6.8 mm² pads P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  12. Tracks are fittedthrough all padrows. To determine the expectedtrack the points with a significant contribution to the c2 are discarded (but used in the resolutioncalculation) Resolution²=variance of the residuals Resolutionstudies P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  13. Micromegas transverse resolution (B = 0T & 1T)Carbon-loaded kapton resistive foil Gas: Ar/CF4/Iso 95/3/2 Cd : the diffusion constant B=0 T Cd = 315.1µm/√cm (Magboltz) B=1 T Cd = 94.2µm/√cm (Magboltz) P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  14. GEM Asian GEM resolution GEM and Micromegasresolutions are verysimilar. Theybothextrapolate to betterthan 100 µm at B=3.5 T and z=2.25 m P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  15. With a multi-module detector, you are sensitive to misalignment and distortions. For Micromegas, a major miniaturization of the electronicswasnecessary. Multimodulestudies P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  16. This is for AFTER chips. Similarworkisbeingdonewith S-ALTRO Integrated electronics • Remove packaging and protection diodes • Wire-bond AFTER chips • Use two 300-point connectors Front-End Card (FEC) 25 cm 4.5cm 12.5cm 14 cm 3.5cm 2.8cm 0.78cm 3.5cm AFTER Chip 0.74cm • The resistive foil protects against sparks

  17. Material budget of a module ‘300-point’ connectors Front-End Card (FEC) Pads PCB + Micromegas Cooling system Front-End Mezzanine (FEM) • Low material budget requirement for ILD-TPC: • Endplates: ~25% X0 • (X0: radiation length in cm)

  18. P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  19. After corrections Micromegas, B=0 Micromegas, B=0 Distortions in rf, B=0 At B=0, distortions due to E only are observed (150 to 200 µm) and easilycorrected down to 20 µm P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  20. After corrections Micromegas, B=0 Micromegas, B=0 Distortions in z, B=0 Same for the z coordinate P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  21. E-field non-uniformnear module boundaries (especially for the presentMicromegas design with a grounding frame for the resistive foil). This induces ExBeffect. Simulation of the distortions in the case of Micromegas Distortions P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  22. Micromegas, B=1T GEM, B=1T Distortions in rf, B=1T At B=1T, distortions due to ExB are observed (up to 1 mm) P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  23. After corrections Micromegas, B=1T Micromegas, B=1T Distortions in rf, B=1T At B=1T, 150 to 200 µm distortionsremainafter corrections P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  24. Micromegas, B=1T GEM, B=1T GEM, B=1T Distortions in z, B=1T Same for the z coordinate P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  25. AFTER CORRECTIONS Micromegas, B=1T Micromegas, B=1T Distortions in z, B=1T Same for the z coordinate P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  26. Principle : CO2 has a muchlowerviscosity and a muchlarger latent heatthan all usualrefrigerants. The two phases (liquid and gas) canco-exist a room temperature (10-20°C at P=45-57 bar). • Verysmall pipes suffice and hold high pressure withlow charge loss. Resultsfrom a test at Nikhef 2-phase CO2cooling P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  27. Tests with 1 module wereperformed at Nikhef in December Tests with 7 modules are ongoing at DESY 2-phase CO2cooling P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  28. The test electronics are not those to beused in the final ILD detector, for the followingreasons: • AFTER not extrapolable to SwitchedCapacitorArraydepths of 1 bunch train • S-Altro 16 has to evolve : improvepacking factor, lower power consumption, power-pulsingfrom the beginning. • Presentworkwithin AIDA : Common Front End for GDSP Electronics P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  29. Primary ions createdistortions in the Electric fieldwhichresult to O(<1µm) trackdistortions. 1 to 2 orders of magnitude safetymarginwithestimated BG. However ions flowing back from the amplification regionproduce a high density ion disk for each train crossing. This disk drifts slowly (1m/s) to the cathode, influencingelectron drift of subsequent train crossings Ion space charge P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  30. Distortionsfrombackflowing ions Example for the case of 2 ion disks : 60 µm distortion for ‘feed-back fraction’ x ‘gain’ = 1 GATE NEEDED P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  31. A Possible Schedule of ILC in Japan As presented in the 2013 ILD meeting in Cracow P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  32. Ion backflow and ion gating • Fullyunderstand, mitigate and correct distortions • Design a new electronics, at a pace adapted to the progress of the technology. Optimization of power consumption and power pulsing must beincluded in the design from the beginning. • Carry out technicalresearch for connections to manychannels, precisionmechanics for large devices, cooling, etc… Remaining R&D issues P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  33. Toward the Final Design of ILD TPC The earliest timeline? • 2014-15 R&D on ion gates and a decision on the ion gate: • 2015-17 Beam tests of new LP modules with the gate • 2017Prioritization of the MPGD technology and module • ILC LAB & ILD detector proposal • 2017-19Final design of the readout electronics for ILD TPC and its tests • Design of ILD TPC • 2018-19TDR for the ILD tracking system: • 2019-23 Prototyping and production: Electronics (chipsboards) • Prototyping and production: Modules • Production: Field cage/endplate and all others • 2024-25 TPC integration and test • 2026 TPC Installation into the ILD detector • ILC commissioning P. Colas - TPC for ILC

  34. The R&D workworldwidewithin the LCTPC collaboration, with the tests performed at DESY in the last six years, demonstratedthatMPGDs are able to fulfill the goals for main tracking at ILC • It alsoallowed to identify a few points requiring active R&D to bepursued in the next few years Conclusion P. Colas - TPC for ILC

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