Low Volume Privately Owned Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants Report Back From Norwegian Visit 2007

1. Low Volume Privately Owned Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants Report Back From Norwegian Visit 2007 Chris Fennemore eThekwini Pollution & Environment Branch

2. Participants Paid by Norwegian Funding via DEAT • Frank Stevens – EWS Deputy Head Technical Support • Bill Pfaff – EWS Strategic Planning eThekwini • Lin Gravelet-Blondin – DWAF • Renelle Pillay – DWAF • Paul Gaydon – Wastewater Consultant/ WRC • Di Dold – WESSA • Me • Ingunn Lindemann – SFT • Haralde Gaarde – SFT To Visit Later • Larry Laas • Dale Braum • Claudia Botha

4. Freshwater resources in Norway • Geography • Vast areas, 330 000 km2 • Many watercourses, 455 000 lakes - 5 % of area • High level of precipitation/runoff, • 1 380 mm/year • Demography • Few people: 4.5 mill. • History • Water ”issues” arose in phases: health, hydropower, pollution, nature conservation

7. SFT Head Office

8. Norwegian Environmental Authorities

9. SFT: Tasks And Areas Of Responsibility • Provide expert competence and information • Environmental monitoring • Enforce acts and regulations • Review and evaluate industries • Instruct and guide the County Governors • International environmental and developmental cooperation

10. SFT International Projects

12. The Pollution Control Act/ Water Resources Act 2001 The Product Control Act Regulations connected to the acts EU directives and regulations International Conventions and Agreements Legal Basis for SFT’s Authority

13. Guidance Complaint decisions Waste Water Management EU Water Framework Directive Ministry of Environment Norwegian Pollution Control Authority National legislation County Governors Discharge consents and local planning/regulation Municipalities Inspections and compliance checks

14. MoE SFT National County Governors (18) Administrative Regional Local Municipalities (430) Political + Administrative

15. Local Governments in Norway • The regional level: 18 Counties • The local level: 431 Municipalities • from 250 to 500 000 inhabitants • Responsible for important public services

16. Treatment RequirementsLarge Cities • Primary Treatment • 50 % suspended solids removal • 20 % biological oxygen demand removal • Secondary Treatment • 70 % biochemical oxygen demand removal • 75 % chemical oxygen demand removal • Tertiary Treatment • 70 % biochemical oxygen demand removal • 75 % chemical oxygen demand removal • 90 % phosphorus removal (70 % nitrogen removal) Less sensitive areas Normal areas Sensitive areas

17. Wastewater Treatment: Inhabitants Connected (2005) Estimated 830 000 out of 4,5 million people connected to small WWTP

18. Wastewater Treatment Plants < 50 PE, By County (2005) 2005 Estimate = 320 000 Small WWTPs

19. Small Wastewater Treatment Plants < 50 PE (2005)

20. Professional Association • Membership restricted to proven technologies • Plants tested by an independent testing authority. Paid by manufacturer. • Testing protocol available in Norsk only. Costly to translate but Dale Braum will be evaluating the applicability of this.

21. Application ProcedureSmall Towns/ Residents • Are standard requirements met? • Treatment levels • Treatment documentation • Discharge point YES Are local water quality objectives met? No consent to discharge NO YES 6 Weeks Consent to discharge

22. Eutrophication COD 125mgO2/L in most areas Focus more on N & P limits

23. Camelot 2003

24. Camelot 2006

25. Treatment requirementsSmall cities/residents

26. Treatment Efficiency Factors In Per Cent (%)

27. Discharge Phosphorous, WWTP < 50 PE (2005) In 2005: TOT-P: 331 tonnes TOT-N: 3 160 tonnes

28. Discharge statistics of small wwtp mainly based on factors: Discharge (tonnes/year) = inhabitants connected * discharge factor * treatment efficiency factor Discharge factors (contribution per person): TOT-P : 1,6 g / (p*d) TOT-N : 12,0 g / (p*d) Discharge of Phosphorous & Nitrogen (WWTP < 50 PE)

29. STATISTICS NORWAY • Kongsvinger: Visiting address: • Oterveien 23 Postal address : N-2225 Kongsvinger Phone : +47 - 62 88 50 00 Fax : +47 - 62 88 50 30 1769 First Population Census

30. Norwegian The Statistics Act of 1989 • Main duties: • Map the need for official statistics • Collection of data, processing and dissemination of official statistics • Analysis and research • Coordinate official statistics produced by public bodies • Responsibility for international statistical cooperation

31. The Statistics Act - continued • Rights and responsibilities • Statistics Norway is a professional independent institution and decides autonomously what to publish and when and how this will be done • Right to impose upon any person, business or government institution an obligation to provide information necessary for the production of official statistics • Access to administrative registers • Choose the statistical methods which form the basis for the preparation of official statistics • Data on individuals are to be treated confidentially • The use of coercive fines

32. Quality Assurance • CEN standardisation • Package plants • Septic tanks • (Natural infiltration system) • National best practice guidelines • Norwegian official standards • Standards approved by renowned professionals

33. Maintenance • All polluters/plant owners have to sign a contract on future maintenance • Frequency of service • Sludge collection • Reporting to the municipality • Supply of new parts for the plant

34. Inspections & Compliance Checks • Non-compliance common • Non-compliance can be acted on by: • Dialogue • Financial support • Withdrawal of consent to discharge • Deadline for corrective measures. No measures will produce a penalty

36. Reporting • The Ministry of Environment/SFT rely on information produced by reporting activities when new policies are drawn up • WWTP > 50 pe: All plant owners report directly to Statistics Norway • WWTP < 50 pe: Municipality reports aggregated data to Statistics Norway • The Ministry of Environment reports to the European Surveillance Authority (SADC, AU??)

37. Dataflow, WWTP < 50 pe

38. KOSTRA Reporting in 2006

46. Lessons Learnt • Our regulatory systems are very good in RSA for package plants • We should look at reclassifying our definition of package plants • There is an opportunity to have a national database for environmental data. This could streamline PROATIA • The possibility of establishing a package plant manufacturer’s association should be explored (WISA has expressed an interest in hosting this organisation) • We should investigate the use of field test measurements more. Samples should be taken only when a plant exceeds the limits. There would be a considerable cost saving here. • We should seek an national testing house for treatment technologies. The Norwegian document should be interrogated for its applicability to South African conditions

47. Thank You • Acknowledgements: I Lindemann - SFT H Gaarde - SFT Bioforsk Giva Mr. Jørn Kristian & Gisle Berge Statistics Norway F Stevens – EWS W Pfaff – EWS R Pillay – DWAF Paul Gaydon - Umgeni