Process and Layout Design in Services and Manufacturing:

1. Process and Layout Design in Services and Manufacturing: There are three types of facility layout in manufacturing: • Process Layout Equipment and personnel that perform similar functions are grouped together. A typical example of this layout is a job shop. This type of layout is highly flexible in terms of handling changes in product design and being able to customize products. This type of layout is suitable for customized products produced in very small batches. The per unit cost of products produced in facilities with this type of layout is large. • Product Layout Equipment and personnel are arranged according to the steps required to convert raw materials into finished goods. A typical example of this layout is assembly lines. This type of layout is inflexible and handling changes in product design and customizing products produced in facilities with this type of layout is costly. This type of layout is suitable for products with large volume. The per unit cost of products produced in facilities with this type of layout is small. • Fixed-Position Layout The product is fixed in its position and equipment and personnel are brought to it. These are typically managed as projects.

2. Approaches to Service Design: • The production line approach. This is similar to product layout (assembly line) in manufacturing. • The self-service approach The customer here becomes a co-producer • The personal attention approach