The Constitutional Era

1. The Constitutional Era 1781-1789

2. What is a republic? A representative democracy

3. How does a republic work? The people elect representatives Representatives make the laws

4. What was the first attempt at workable government in the United States? The Articles of Confederation

5. What was the basic problem with the government under the Articles of Confederation? Too weak

6. What does the Constitution provide? The basic framework for the U.S. government

7. For what two reasons had Americans fought the Revolutionary War? Unfair taxation by Parliament King George III had ruled like a tyrant

8. How did the Articles of Confederation limit Congress� lawmaking power? No power to tax No power to regulate interstate commerce

9. What is a synonym for commerce? Trade

10. What is interstate commerce? Trade between states

11. What is currency? Paper money

12. Where did the Constitutional Convention meet? Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

13. What is a compromise? An agreement in which both sides get part of what they want, but neither side gets all of what it wants

14. What two Virginians played important roles at the Constitutional Convention? George Washington James Madison

15. What position did George Washington hold at the Constitutional Convention? President (chairman) of the Constitutional Convention

16. Who wrote the �Virginia Plan�? James Madison

17. Who often led the debate and kept a written record of the Constitutional Convention? James Madison

18. Who is considered the �Father of the Constitution�? James Madison

19. What is federalism? The division of power between the federal or national government and the state governments

20. What is another name for federalism? The federal system

21. What is another name for national law? Federal law

22. What does it mean to say that federal law is the supreme law of the land? When state law conflicts with federal (national) law, then the federal law overrides the state law.

23. What clause of the Constitution says that federal law is the supreme law of the land? The supremacy clause

24. What type of national legislature did Madison�s �Virginia Plan� propose? A two-house legislature Population would determine a state�s representation in both houses of Congress

25. What effect would the �Virginia Plan� have on the smaller states� influence in the government? Reduce it greatly

26. How did the small states respond to the �Virginia Plan�? Rejected it Proposed the �New Jersey Plan�

27. What did the �New Jersey Plan� say about representation in the national legislature? Each state would have equal representation, regardless of population.

28. Which states would have been hurt by the �New Jersey Plan�? The large states

29. What solved the large state/small state disagreement about representation in Congress? The Great Compromise

30. How did the Great Compromise solve the big state/small state disagreement about representation in the national legislature?

31. Congress would be a two-house legislature: the Senate and the House of Representatives Each state would have two U.S. Senators Population would decide a state�s membership in the House of Representatives

32. What balanced power in Congress between the large and small states? The Great Compromise

33. What states had decided to abolish (end) slavery in the years right after the Revolution? The Northern states

34. What states had decided to keep slavery after the Revolution? The Southern states

35. Did the North want slaves counted in figuring a state�s representation in the House of Representatives? No

36. Did the South want slaves counted in figuring a state�s representation in the House of Representatives? Yes

37. What was the 3/5 Compromise? Compromise between the North and the South Slaves would count as 3/5 of a person in figuring a state�s representation in the House of Representatives

38. Define the term separation of powers? The division of power among different branches of government

39. What three branches of government did the Constitution create? Legislative Executive Judicial

40. What is the name of the legislative branch of the federal government? Congress

41. What does the legislative branch do? Makes the laws

42. What official leads the executive branch? The President

43. What does the executive branch do? Enforces the laws

44. What court leads the judicial branch of the federal government? The Supreme Court

45. What does the judicial branch do? Interprets or explains the meaning of the laws

46. Define checks and balances system. A government in which each branch can stop or check the actions of the other branches

47. How many states had to ratify the Constitution before it could take effect? 9

48. What does ratify mean? Approve

49. Why was the ratification debate in Virginia very important? Virginia was the largest state in population and located on the Atlantic coast right in the center of the United States.

50. Who were the Federalists? Supporters of the Constitution

51. Who were the Anti-Federalists? Opponents of the Constitution

52. Who were the two leading Federalists in Virginia? George Washington James Madison

53. Why did the Anti-Federalists fear a powerful national government? Believed it would destroy the rights of individuals and the power of the states

54. Who were the two leading Anti-Federalists in Virginia? Patrick Henry George Mason

55. What group wanted a Bill of Rights included in the Constitution? Anti-Federalists

56. Who took responsibility for drafting a Bill of Rights? James Madison

57. What two documents did Madison use to write the Bill of Rights? Virginia Declaration of Rights Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

58. Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights? George Mason

59. What was the basic idea of the Virginia Declaration of Rights? Government should not violate basic human rights

60. Who wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom? Thomas Jefferson

61. What did the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom forbid? An established church

62. Which church had been the established church in colonial Virginia? The Anglican Church

63. Define the term established church. The practice of the colony giving government support to one favored church

64. What basic idea did the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom support? Freedom of religion

65. What is the Bill of Rights? The first ten amendments to the Constitution

66. What is a constitutional amendment? An addition to the Constitution

67. What rights are guaranteed by the First Amendment? Freedom of Speech Freedom of the Press Freedom of Religion Freedom of Assembly The Right of Petition

68. What does freedom of assembly mean? The right to gather at public meetings

69. What does the right of petition mean? The right to make written requests to make changes in the government

70. Define free markets. Business and trade without government regulation or rules