Hybrid Packet/Circuit Multicasting for Large-Scale Video Delivery

1. Hybrid Packet/Circuit Multicasting for Large-Scale Video Delivery Yaohui Jin Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks jinyh@sjtu.edu.cn

2. Outline • Background • Optical Multicasting • Hybrid Packet/Circuit Multicasting • Field Trial • Conclusions

3. Background • IPTV, a most promising service, has been deployed in the worldwide • China Telecom, Deutsche Telekom, Verizon, Korea Telecom etc. • IPTV puts new challenges on current Internet • Intensive bandwidth • Multicasting becomes necessary • Hard Qos guarantees • Multimedia services are very sensitive to delay and jitter • QoE support • Channel zapping time will produce significant impact on the end user experience • Scalability • A large amount of channels and videos, as well as millions of subscribers

4. IPTV Delivery Network • Usually, Primary distribution is broadcasting, while secondary one is multicasting. • We propose an IP over optical two-Layer multicasting for large-scale TV delivery.

5. Outline • Background • Optical Multicasting • Hybrid Packet/Circuit Multicasting • Field Trial • Conclusions

6. Multicast optical network • Light-tree: • has multiple destination nodes (n). • the number (n) of members (leaves) in the tree and can be changed as request, and covers unicast (n=1) and broadcast (n=all) OXC: optical cross-connect MC-OXC: Multicast-capable OXC MON GN Rouskas, IEEE Network, pp.60-66, Jan/Feb 2003

7. ASON Automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON): a standard technology defined by ITU-T, IETF and OIF, controlled by GMPLS, and commercialized currently Present ASON products: only support unicast (P2P), not multicast (P2MP or light-tree) Extend the present GMPLS: to support multicast additionally S. Yasukawa et al, “Signaling Requirements for Point to Multipoint Traffic Engineered MPLS LSPs”, IETF RFC 4461 Guoying Zhang et al, Multicast extension to RSVP-TE for UNI2.0, OIF-2005-216.00, 2005

8. Legacy ASON and MC-ASON Operations LSP: label switched path, the end-to-end path between two label-switched routers

9. 2 4 1 6 3 5 Examples of P2MP tree operations • Setup: {1, 1, {5, 6}} • Graft: {1, 1, {3}} Result: {1, 1, {3, 5, 6}} • Prune: {1, 1, {5}} Result: {1, 1, {3, 6}}

10. Implemented GMPLS extension • NNI: Compatible with IETF (RFC4461 and several drafts). • UNI: Submitted a document to OIF in 2005. 4 Operations realized: • Setup • Teardown • Graft • Prune Signaling trace UNI P2MP Object extended for dynamic P2MP. Guoying Zhang,, OIF-2005-216.00, 2005

11. Measured operation time Test cases and operation time The operation time is short enough for TV channel zapping Xueqing Wei et al., ECOC, 2005

12. Inter-domain P2MP operations TV channel zapping time: required 1000ms Unit: msec Jun Wang et al., OFC2007, Anaheim

13. Outline • Background • Optical Multicasting • Hybrid Packet/Circuit Multicasting • Field Trial • Conclusions

14. Leverage IP and optical multicast Leverage merits Weisheng Hu, CLEO-PR2007, Seoul, WD-3-6, 2007

15. Architecture Hybrid Packet/Circuit Multicasting: with optical multicast in the core in the bottom layer and IP multicast at the edge in the upper layer. Optical Multicast (core) IP multicast (edge) Endusers (access) Weisheng Hu, COIN2007, Melbourne, WeC1-5, 2007

16. Merits Compatibility: without changing or upgrading existing client-side IP-based equipment Performance: improved QoS with the help of optical P2MP connections in the core with negligible delay and jitter Scalability: aggregation of IP sessions significantly reduces the burden of group management and multicast routing protocols Survivability: light-trees provide better survivability for their inside aggregated IP flows

17. Performance Measurements Delay and jitter vs. link load Hybrid Multicast IP/ASON has lower delay and jitter than pure Multicast IP does. Weiqiang Sun et al., OFC, Anaheim, 2005

18. Multicast flow aggregation Great Gap between one light tree and one flow! MFA (multicast flow aggregation) significantly reduced the number of light trees in the core. Yi Zhu et al., IEEE JSAC, June 2007 Zhiyang Guo et al, OFC 2008

19. Outline • Background • Optical Multicasting • Hybrid Packet/Circuit Multicasting • Field Trial in 3TNET Project • Conclusions

20. 3TNET project: a layered view e-Shanghai e-Shanghai IP-based SDTV/HDTV IP TV/HDTV ACR Tb/s Router TSR MB-ASON Tb/s ASON Tb/s DWDM WDM Wu Jiangxing, APOC’05 (plenary), Shanghai

21. 53 participants Carriers and SPs: China Telecom, SiTV, CETV, B-Star Venders: Huawei, ZTE, Fiberhome, Harbor, Amoi, Zoom Universities: PKU, Tsinghua, SJTU, Fudan, USTC, BUPT, IEU, ZJU, SEU Institutes: CAS (IoA), RITT, ABS

22. Field trial in three cities Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou in the Yangtze River Delta region, one of the financial center of China

23. Topology and Subscribers 28,000 subscribers at present, of which 13000 are households, and 15000 college users. Each end user 40Mb/s guaranteed bandwidth. 2 network TV stations with 116 SDTV channels and 1 HDTV channel.

24. MC-ASON equipments and topology 13 nodes deployed over the three cities

25. MC-IP routers and topology • 8 MC-IP routers deployed over three cities SR: switching router, TSR: Tb/s SR, Huawei’s Quidway NE80 ACR: access convergence router, Huawei’s Quidway ME60

26. Test participants 7 tests in real environment from July to Nov, 2006 Total ~ 10,000 college users participated the tests e.g., Number of online college users in SJTU during the test in Oct 17, 2006 Yaohui Jin, ECOC’07 (Invited), Berlin

27. Outline • Background • Optical Multicasting • Hybrid Packet/Circuit Multicasting • Field Trial • Conclusions

28. Conclusions • Multicast-capable ASON is important and feasible with GMPLS extension • High bandwidth and strict QoS • With dynamical provisioning, the efficiency and flexibility are greatly improved • Being practical for multicast applications • Hybrid packet/circuit multicasting is more efficient for SDTV/HDTV delivery in large scale network • 3TNET is going to be upgraded and deployed in scale in China in the next five years (beyond 3TNET)

29. What’s next? • Network architecture: • Core: Optical Transport Network • ODU 1/2 grooming, ROADM • Aggregation: Packet Transport Network • T-MPLS, PBT, … • Access: WDM-PON, WiMax, Ethernet over Coax • Experiments • Triply play in large scale • Innovative network architecture • Key challenges • Service Integration • Resource scheduling

30. Thank you for attention!Happy New Year! jinyh@sjtu.edu.cn