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Dr. Pandit Khakre Asst. Prof Mrs. K.S.K. College, Beed

Dr. Pandit Khakre Asst. Prof Mrs. K.S.K. College, Beed. Alcohol Definition:  An alcohol is a substance containing an OH group attached to a hydrocarbon  group. Examples:  ethyl alcohol or  ethanol : C 2 H 5 OH; butyl alcohol or butanol : C 4 H 9 OH. Classification of Alcohols

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Dr. Pandit Khakre Asst. Prof Mrs. K.S.K. College, Beed

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  1. Dr. PanditKhakre Asst. Prof Mrs. K.S.K. College, Beed

  2. Alcohol Definition: An alcohol is a substance containing an OH group attached to ahydrocarbon group. Examples: ethyl alcohol or ethanol: C2H5OH; butyl alcohol or butanol: C4H9OH • Classification of Alcohols • Primary Alcohols: • Primary alcohols are those alcohols where the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group(OH) is attached to only one single alkyl group. Some of the examples of these primary alcohols include Methanol (, propanol, ethanol, etc. The complexity of this alkyl chain is unrelated to the classification of any alcohol considered as primary. The existence of only one linkage among –OH group and an alkyl group and the thing that qualifies any alcohol as a primary. • Secondary Alcohols: • Secondary alcohols are those where the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group is attached to two alkyl groups on the either sides. The two alkyl groups present may be either structurally identical or even different. Some of the examples of secondary alcohols are given below-

  3. Tertiary Alcohols: • Tertiary alcohols are those which feature hydroxyl group attached to the carbon atom which is connected to 3- alkyl groups. The physical properties of these alcohols mainly depend on their structure. The presence of this -OH group allows the alcohols in the formation of hydrogen bonds with their neighboring atoms. The bonds formed are weak, and this bond makes the boiling points of alcohols higher than its alkanes. The examples of tertiary alcohols include- Tertiary Alcohol

  4. Reactions of AlcoholsAlcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry and an appreciation of their reactions is critical to success, particularly in synthesis questions. Alcohols,R-OH, are able to undergo several different types of reactions:

  5. Here is a more detailed summary of their specific reactions:

  6. Pinacol Rearrangement In the conversion that gave its name to this reaction, the acid-catalyzed elimination of water from pinacol givest-butyl methyl ketone. Mechanism of the Pinacol Rearrangement This reaction occurs with a variety of fully substituted 1,2-diols, and can be understood to involve the formation of a carbenium ion intermediate that subsequently undergoes a rearrangement. The first generated intermediate, an α-hydroxycarbenium ion, rearranges through a 1,2-alkyl shift to produce the carbonyl compound. If two of the substituents form a ring, the Pinacol Rearrangement can constitute a ring-expansion or ring-contraction reaction.

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