1 / 56

Evolution

Explore the concept of evolution and how it does not contradict belief in God. Discover the scientific evidence and mechanisms of evolution, such as natural selection, artificial selection, and molecular biology. Witness the changes in species over time through paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, biogeography, and molecular biology.

idriscoll
Download Presentation

Evolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Evolution BIO 1113/1114 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

  2. Evolution • Changes in a population over time • Individuals do not change • Advantageous traits of some individuals will become more common in a population in future generations

  3. Does the idea of evolution contradict a belief in God? • Many scientists of all religious faiths believe in both. • Some people feel evolution contradicts the literal interpretation of the Bible.

  4. Earths Position in the Universe • 400 years ago the general public thought that the earth was the center of the universe • Sun revolves around the earth • The earth does not move

  5. Galileo and Corpernicus • Demonstrated scientific evidence that the sun is at the center of our solar system and the earth moves around the sun

  6. Galileo and the Church • Religious leaders believed the heliocentric theory (sun at the center) was a direct contradiction to the literal interpretation of the Bible • Galileo found guilty of heresy

  7. Copernican System (Heliocentric Theory) • Did not destroy peoples belief in God • Public now accepts the overwhelming evidence for the heliocentric theory

  8. Theory of Evolution • Science has overwhelming evidence that all life is constantly evolving

  9. Common descent with modification

  10. Charles Darwin 1809-1882 • Descent with modification • Natural selection

  11. HMS Beagle 1831-1836

  12. Ostrich in Africa Rhea in South America

  13. Adaptive Radiation

  14. Different Tortoises on Each Island

  15. Published in 1859

  16. Natural Selection • One mechanism of evolution • Main concepts of natural selection • Overproduction of offspring • Inherited variation in offspring • Competition • Best adapted to a given environment survive and reproduce to increase their kind • They are naturally selected

  17. Overproduction of Offspring • Elephants (very slow reproductive rate) • If all the offspring of one elephant pair survive and all their offspring survive then: • 750 years = 19,000,000 elephants • 1200 years = Enough elephants to cover the earth! • Beetles • A handful that weighs 10 mg each • 82 weeks • 61,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 ton • The weight of the earth!

  18. Variation of Offspring • Offspring of the same parents are different from each other

  19. Competition • Since more individuals are born than can survive for an extended period of time, they compete for resources • Food • Living space • Mates

  20. Best adapted to a given environment are selected to survive • Brown bears • Adapted to survive in Oklahoma • Polar bears • Adapted to survive in Alaska

  21. Artificial Selection Collie Sheltie

  22. Evolution is Change • Changing alleles in a population can produce new species • Dogs have evolved from wolves • Man has artificially selected traits to produce the various dog breeds • Nature uses natural selection and other mechanisms for evolution

  23. Scientific Disciplines That Give Evidence for Evolution • Paleontology • Comparative anatomy • Embryology • Biogeography • Molecular biology • Others

  24. Paleontology • Study of fossils • Allows us to see anatomical similarities between living species and organisms that lived in the past • We can see that life has changed over time

  25. Life Has Changed • Millions of species have been found from the past that are different from life today

  26. Horse Evolution

  27. 50 MYA 30 MYA 15 MYA Modern 50 Million Years of Change

  28. Comparative Anatomy

  29. Homologous Structures • Same structures used for different purposes

  30. Homologous Structures

  31. Analogous Structures Similar structures due to convergent evolution,

  32. Embryology

  33. Biogeography

  34. Only one native land-dwelling mammal

  35. Madagascar • Island near Africa • No native cats, dogs,rabbits, monkeys or apes • Home of all 49 species of primate lemurs

  36. Dinosaur Extinction • After the dinosaurs became extinct thousand of mammals evolved • Mammals no longer had to compete with dinosaurs

  37. Giant Moa • Absence of large land mammals in New Zealand enabled 14 different species to evolve • All became extinct after man colonized New Zealand

  38. Why No Polar Bears in Antarctica or No Penguins in Arctic?

  39. Biogeography Shows an Evolutionary Pattern

  40. Molecular Biology • The study of the molecules of life including DNA and proteins

  41. DNA Similarity

  42. Comparing DNA • Human DNA compared to: • Another human 99.9% same • Chimpanzee 99% same • Gorilla 97.7% same • Orangutan 96.3% same

  43. Comparing Protein Sequences • Organ transplants require similar proteins in the donor and the recipient • A sibling or parent is often the best source for an organ transplant

  44. Which person listed below would have the closest protein match for an organ transplant?Assuming all are alive and healthy. • A persons father • A persons great grandfather • A persons 10th great grandfather

  45. Molecular Clock • The further you go back in time, the more proteins (and DNA) are different. • Differences in protein sequences and DNA can be used to estimate the time when two species shared a common ancestor

  46. Related Organisms • Close similarity of protein sequences indicates close relationship

More Related