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Cardiovascular System and Heart Anatomy: Functions, Circulation, and Conduction

This chapter explores the description and primary functions of the organs and structures of the cardiovascular system, including the heart. It discusses the circulation of blood through the chambers of the heart, common sites for taking a pulse, and the conduction system of the heart.

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Cardiovascular System and Heart Anatomy: Functions, Circulation, and Conduction

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  1. Chapter 9 Cardiovascular System

  2. Learning Outcomes • State the description and primary functions of the organs/structures of the cardiovascular system. • Explain the circulation of blood through the chambers of the heart. • Identify and locate the commonly used sites for taking a pulse. • Analyze, build, spell, and pronounce medical words.

  3. Heart • It lies slightly to the left of the midline, beneath the sternum, and has three layers or linings: • Endocardium • The inner lining of the heart. • Myocardium • The muscular middle layer of the heart. • Pericardium • The outer membranous sac surrounding the heart.

  4. Vascular System of the Heart • The heart has its own vascular system to meet its high oxygen demand. • The coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood. • The cardiac veins collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to the right atrium.

  5. Figure 9.3Interior view of the heart chambers with tissues of the heart (endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium).

  6. Virtual Tour of the Heart WATCH THIS VIDEO https://youtu.be/3IrjBWhdZ6s

  7. Figure 9.1Schematic Overview of the cardiovascular system.

  8. Heart • Circulation of blood through the chambers of the heart • Septum divides heart into the right and left heart. • Each side contains an upper and lower chamber: • Atria, or upper chambers, receive blood. • Ventricles, or lower chambers, pump blood. • Valves control intake and outflow of blood in chambers.

  9. Conduction System of the Heart • The autonomic nervous system controls the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat, generated by specialized neuromuscular tissue of the heart. • This tissue of the heart comprises: • the sinoatrial node • the atrioventricular node • the atrioventricular bundle

  10. Virtual Tour of the Heart WATCH THIS VIDEO https://youtu.be/3IrjBWhdZ6s

  11. Figure 9.8Major arteries of the systemic circulation.

  12. Blood Vessels • Arteries • A branching system of vessels that transports blood away from the heart to all body parts. • All arteries have a pulse, reflecting the rhythmical beating of the heart.

  13. Blood Vessels • Arteries • Certain points are commonly used to check rate, rhythm, and condition of the arterial wall. • Most commonly used sites for taking a pulse: • radial artery • brachial artery • carotid artery

  14. Figure 9.9Primary pulse points of the body.

  15. Blood Vessels • Veins • Vessels that transport blood from peripheral tissues back to the heart. • Have thin walls and valves that prevent backflow of blood. • Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. • Superior and inferior venae cavae carry deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower systemic circulation.

  16. Figure 9.10Major veins of the systemic circulation.

  17. Blood Vessels • Capillaries • Microscopic blood vessels with single-celled walls that connect arterioles (small arteries) with venules (small veins). • Blood passing through capillaries gives up the oxygen and nutrients carried to this point by arteries and picks up waste and carbon dioxide as it enters veins.

  18. Capillaries

  19. Blood Vessels • Blood Pressure • The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries. • Higher (systolic) number: the pressure while the heart contracts. • Lower (diastolic) number: the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats. • Measured by a sphygmomanometer.

  20. http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter22/animation__the_cardiac_cycle__quiz_2_.htmlhttp://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter22/animation__the_cardiac_cycle__quiz_2_.html

  21. Figure 9.12Blood pressure measurement.

  22. Figure 9.20Blood vessels: (A) normal artery.

  23. Figure 9.20 (continued)Blood vessels: (B) constriction.

  24. Figure 9.20 (continued)Blood vessels: (C) arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis.

  25. Figure 9.28Balloon angioplasty. (A) The balloon catheter is threaded into the affected coronary artery. (B) The balloon is positioned across the area of obstruction. (C) The balloon is then inflated, flattening the plaque against the arterial wall. (D) Placque remains flattened after balloon catheter is removed.

  26. Figure 9.32Placement of a stent. (A) The stainless steel stent is fitted over a balloon-tipped catheter. (B) The stent is positioned along the blockage and expanded. (C) The balloon is deflated and removed, leaving the stent in place.

  27. Flashcards Create Flashcards • Page 267 • Study Blue • Note prefixes on page 291 • Page 301 Complete In Class • Identifying Medical Terms • Study and Review III

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