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Chapter 6. Polynomials and Polynomial Functions. 6.1 Using Exponents. Properties; 1. = (add powers) 2. ³ = (multiply powers) 3. (2 )³ = (distribute) 4. = 1 5. = 6. = (subtract powers) 7. ³ = (distribute).
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Chapter 6 Polynomials and Polynomial Functions
6.1 Using Exponents • Properties; • 1. = (add powers) • 2. ³ = (multiply powers) • 3. (2)³ = (distribute) • 4. = 1 • 5. = • 6. = (subtract powers) • 7. ³ = (distribute)
6.2 Evaluating and Graphing Polynomial Functions • Polynomial Function: • Standard Form (highest to lowest) • Exponents (whole numbers) • Leading coefficient (real) • Types; linear, quadratic, cubic, quartic
Evaluate: • Plug in x = 1 • Synthetic Substitution • Graph: • End Behavior: n is odd (opposite) • n is even ( same) • x I y chart
6.3 Operations on Polynomials • Adding (Like Terms) • Subtracting (Like Terms) • Multiplying
6.4 Factoring and Solving Polynomial Equations • Factoring: • Types: • 1. GCF • 2. Regular • 3. Difference of Squares: x² - y² = (x + y)(x – y) • 4. Perfect Square: x² + 2xy + y² = (x + y) ² • 5. Sum or Difference of Cubes: x³ + y³ = (x + y)(x² - xy + y²) • 6. Grouping: 4 terms
To Solve • 1. standard form = 0 • 2. Factor 1.GCF 2.FOIL • 3. Set each factor = 0
6.5 The Remainder and Factor Theorems • quotient q(x) + remainder r(x) • d(x) –divisor • 2 kinds of division • Long • Synthetic
Remainder Theorem: • If polynomial f(x) is divided by (x-k), • Then f(k) = r (remainder) • Factor Theorem: • If polynomial f(x) has a factor (x-k), • Then f(k) = 0
Asked to do 2 Things • To Factor: factors: break polynomial into factors • May have to use synthetic division to find factors • ( ) ( ) ( ) • To Solve: solutions: must be factored to solve • Find x = , , , • Find Roots • Find Zeros • Find x-intercepts
6.6 Finding Rational Zeros • To start to find factors: Factor to Solve • List all POSSIBLE rational zeros • Factors of last number (constant) • Factors of first number (leading) • Test by using synthetic division r = 0 • Ex: Solution: 6 -2 • Factor: (x-6) (x + 2) (2x – 3)
6.7 Fundamental Theorem of Algebra • The degree of a polynomial indicates the number of solutions in the complex numbers • (real and imaginary) • Repeated solutions, • Imaginary come in conjugates (pairs)
6.8 Graphs of Polynomials • Sketch graphs • Know end behavior • Know x and y intercepts • Know curves; turning points • maximum and minimum
6.9 Writing Cubic Functions • Must know x-intercepts • Must know one point on graph • f(x) = a (x- __) (x - __) (x - __) • Solve for a