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The Ocean General Circulation (satellite)

The Ocean General Circulation (satellite). Gulf Stream. Mean Circulation in the Ocean. Gulf Stream. Mean Circulation in the Ocean. California Current. Annual mean Salinity Map. Dissolved Oxygen. Surface. 500 meter depth. Gulf Stream, Plankton Bloom. Gulf Stream Spiral Eddies.

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The Ocean General Circulation (satellite)

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  1. The Ocean General Circulation (satellite)

  2. Gulf Stream Mean Circulation in the Ocean

  3. Gulf Stream Mean Circulation in the Ocean California Current

  4. Annual mean Salinity Map

  5. Dissolved Oxygen Surface 500 meter depth

  6. Gulf Stream, Plankton Bloom

  7. Gulf Stream Spiral Eddies

  8. Mediterranean Sea, Shear Wall Spiral Eddies

  9. Tropical Atlantic, Spiral Eddy

  10. Greek Island, Spiral Eddies and Wakes

  11. Strait of Gibralter, Solitons

  12. Eastern Pacific Internal Waves

  13. Kelvin Waves, from Ships

  14. Coastal Dynamics California Filaments and Phytoplankton Hawaiian Island Wakes

  15. Ocean wind driven circulation Learning Objectives How does the wind drive surface currents Oceanic gyres Ekman currents and transport Upwelling and Downwelling Western and Eastern Boundary currents Inertial currents

  16. Some important differences between ocean and atmosphere Ocean is heated from above Feels both Mechanical forcing by the winds Thermal forcing from the sun Boundaries and complex geometry associated with continents and bottom topography Ocean is denser than atmosphere Tides Salinity Atmosphere has clouds and moisture

  17. How is the energy of the winds transferred to the ocean? Ekman Theory …

  18. How does wind force propagate in the ocean? surface balance between friction and rotation 100 meter depth

  19. 1 2

  20. Ekman Theory …and vertical advection in the ocean COASTAL UPWELLING and DOWNWELLING OPEN OCEAN EKMAN PUMPING

  21. Figure 8.11A

  22. Figure 8.11B

  23. Figure 8.9

  24. Effects of Ekman Currents

  25. Atmosphere 60 30 Ocean

  26. Effects of Ekman Transport Upwelling and Downwelling at continental margin Westerlies Upwelling and Downwelling in the gyres Trades

  27. Sea surface height

  28. Major oceanic circulation systems

  29. Figure 8.13

  30. Temperature Surface 150 meter depth

  31. Some practical rules to remember: Applies to the Ocean same as Atmosphere! Fpressure Low Pressure High Pressure FCoriolis • Particle will have the Coriolis force 90 degrees to the right • Particles will tend to move along line of constant pressure • Particles will have the high pressure on their right (same as Coriolis)

  32. Inertia Currents Balance between Acceleration, Coriolis and Friction.

  33. End of lecture

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