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Malaysia

Malaysia. Ali Ahsan. History. European encroachment into Malaysia began with Malacca: 1511 – Portugal 1641 – Netherlands 1824 - British Before WWII, Malaysia was divided into three spheres: Straits Settlements Federated Malay States Unfederated Malay States.

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Malaysia

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  1. Malaysia Ali Ahsan

  2. History • European encroachment into Malaysia began with Malacca: • 1511 – Portugal • 1641 – Netherlands • 1824 - British • Before WWII, Malaysia was divided into three spheres: • Straits Settlements • Federated Malay States • Unfederated Malay States

  3. History – Road to Independence • Japan took over during World War II • Malayan Union (1946 – 1948) • Federation of Malaya (1948 – 1963) • Federation granted independence on 31st August, 1957 • Malaysia (1963 – Present) – Addition of Singapore and Northern Borneo • Singapore expelled from federation in 1965

  4. Political System • A federation composed of 13 states. • A constitutional monarchy. • King elected for five year terms by Council of Rulers. • Council of Rulers is composed of the 9 hereditary rulers of 9 states. • The other 4 states are headed by governors appointed by King on advice from the Prime Minister. • Westminster parliamentary system with federal and state legislatures. • Multi party system. • Prime Minister chosen by King from majority party in parliament.

  5. Demographics • Population: 28.3 million (2010 census), 42nd largest population • Ethnic Composition:

  6. Demographics • Chinese and Indian workers were brought by the British to work in the mining and agricultural sectors. • Commercial activity was dominated by the Chinese. • Article 153 of Constitution provides limited affirmative action for Bumiputra in education and civil service. • Race riots of 1969 led to about 600 deaths, most of them Chinese. • More aggressive affirmative action through New Economic Policy (NEP) to promote Bumiputra entrepreneurial class and to alleviate poverty. • Today, strategic industries like petroleum and telecom are dominated by Malays.

  7. Economy Malaysia’s economic growth averaged 6.5% between 1957 and 2005

  8. Economic Transformation • At independence, Malaysia’s economy relied agriculture and the export of tin, rubber and palm oil. • After independence, private and foreign investment led to a transition towards manufacturing. • Export led growth • Poverty Rates have fallen. • Successive Malaysian governments have implemented five year plans to develop infrastructure and tackle poverty. • Malaysian government exercises significant control over economy through government owned and government linked enterprises.

  9. Economic Transformation • GDP per capita - $17,500 (PPP, 2013 est.) • Labor Force by Occupation (2012, est.): • Agriculture – 11.2% • Industry – 40.6% • Services – 48.1% • Unemployment Rate – 3.1% (2013, est.) • 6th in terms of ease of doing business (World Bank)

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