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Research Protections

Explore the different types of research and why research protections are necessary. Learn about the various areas of research, including biomedical, agricultural, and wildlife research. Understand the regulations and guidelines that ensure the safety and well-being of research subjects and investigators.

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Research Protections

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  1. Research Protections

  2. What types of research are there?Why do we do research?What or who needs protection? How is protection accomplished?

  3. Basic and Applied Research

  4. How Animals are used at Penn State and other Institutions • Teaching • Research • Demonstration • Exhibition • Production

  5. Types of Agricultural Research • Improve health and well being of animals • Improve nutrition • Enhance reproduction • Increase production • Minimize waste or waste products • Conservation of species or habitat

  6. Types of Wildlife Research • Northern Saw-whet Owl banding • Ecological Impact of West Nile Virus on Avian Biodiversity • Population control in wild Mustangs • Avian influenza in water fowl

  7. Biomedical Research • Heart disease • Diabetes • Cancer • Aging • Every disease you’ve heard of and many you haven’t!

  8. Types of Research animals • Mice and Rats, and mice and rats, and MICE and RATS…. 95%+ of all animals used in research are mice and rats… • Other rodents and rabbits, zebra fish and other fish, amphibians, reptiles, domestic animals, birds, nonhuman primates, wildlife, almost any type of animal may be used in research…

  9. Understanding the needs of each species is important in research

  10. Suppose you want to do cancer research, can you just order some animals and start?

  11. Research Planning – The Question • Funding!!!! Competitive grant applications – NIH, NSF, other • Regulations!!!! Must submit protocols for review and approval • Protection of human and animal subjects as well as investigators

  12. Mouse breast cancer model The gene BRCA1 is deleted from mammary gland cells Mice develop tumors similar to human breast cancer Used to understand cancer growth, test therapies, etc.

  13. Research areas • Many successes • Lots of areas where more progress is needed • Where does industrial engineering fit in?

  14. Vaccines Developed and Tested in Animals Prevent Many Diseases • Smallpox • Rabies • Polio • Measles • Whooping cough • Tetanus

  15. Orthopedic Surgeries Benefit Humans and Animals

  16. Drugs and Diagnostics

  17. Regulation of Animal Research • PHS Policy • Health Research Extension Act of 1985 • AWA, USDA

  18. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals • Primary reference on animal care and use • Performance standards for high quality animal care and humane treatment

  19. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee • Oversight of activities using animals • Composition of the committee • Review animal care program 2X / year, including facility site visits • Review all animal care and use protocols • Ensure compliance with all regulations

  20. The 3 R’s of Research • Reduce • Refine • Replace

  21. Alternatives to Animal Research

  22. Human Subjects • Institutional Review Board • Protocols must be reviewed and approved • Stringent regulations must be followed

  23. Human Subject Research • Feeding trials • Exercising or performing tasks • Performing X-rays, MRI’s, sonograms, blood pressure readings, EKGs, etc. • Having participants use experimental drugs or medical devices • Sampling of blood, urine, hair, saliva, nail clippings, etc. • Surveys

  24. Biosafety Considerations • Infectious agents • Physical hazards • Chemical hazards • Allergens • Biosafety Committee must approve protocols

  25. Radiation Safety • Sources and types of radiation • Effects of radiation • Detection of radiation • Exposure guidelines • Contamination and control • Compliance and records

  26. Training and education are essential in all areas of research protection !

  27. Summary • Many types of research answer a variety of questions • Research provides enormous benefits to humans and animals • Research is highly regulated and monitored by federal and institutional compliance committees • Safety and training are critical issues in the protection of research subjects and investigators

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