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Business Ethics

Business Ethics. Concept of Attitude. Are pre-conceived evaluative feelings of people about objects, people or events Express either favourable or unfavourable feeling about something Express one’s way of thinking They are found from childhood learning experiences and one’s value system.

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Business Ethics

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  1. Business Ethics

  2. Concept of Attitude • Are pre-conceived evaluative feelings of people about objects, people or events • Express either favourable or unfavourable feeling about something • Express one’s way of thinking • They are found from childhood learning experiences and one’s value system

  3. Wrong Attitudes and Unethical behaviour • To achieve success in life, one has to be manipulative and calculative • Envy, Jealousy and competition is normal and necessarily exists if an organization wants to succeed • It is difficult to get ahead in life without cutting corners here and there • There is nothing wrong in taking credit for something I have not done in the organization if it furthers my cause

  4. Right Attitudes and Ethical behaviour • One should take action when one is sure that it is ethically correct • I have no right to use my colleagues to further my career • Promotions are earned through hardwork, perseverance and fair play • Most people are basically good and can be trusted • To me means are important as ends since it is impossible to achieve ethical goals with unethical means

  5. Norms • Expectations of proper behaviour, not requirements • Are ways an individual expects all people to act when faced with a given situation • They are neither logically consistent nor universally applied

  6. Beliefs and Ethical behaviour • Beliefs are ideas or principles that people hold dear and give ordinance to • Beliefs are the foundation of one’s value system • They are standards of thought • They are the ways in which an individual expects people to think about given concepts

  7. Moral Standards • Deal with matters that we think are of serious consequence • Are not established or changed by decision of particular authoritative bodies • Overrides self interest • Are based on impartial considerations

  8. Character-Behaviour Matrix S B – Strong C – Weak Strategic Man B – Strong C – Strong Desired Mix Behaviour B – Weak C – Weak Avoid and Discard B – Weak C – Strong Needs correction W S W Character

  9. Value and Ethics • Edward Spranger defines the values “as the constellation of likes, dislikes, view points, inner inclinations, rational and irrational judgements, prejudices and association patterns that determines a persons view of the world. • They are deeply embedded in people’s sub consious and manifest themselves in their behaviour • A Value is a sustained and assimilated mode of acting, thinking or merely being

  10. Values and Ethics Values Shape Beliefs Attitudes Perception Behaviour

  11. Value and Ethics : People Values Rom Lebow, former director of marketing at Microsoft and William L Simon offer an important set of values for a successful organization • Treat others with uncompromising truth • Trust your associates • Mentor unselfishly • Be receptive to new ideas • Give credit where due • Take risks for the good of the organization • Be honest in all dealings • Put the interests of others before your own social conscience • Responsibility • Accountability

  12. Value and Ethics : Business Values Quotes of management thinker of international repute, Dr. M. B. Athreya (“Business values for the 21st century”): • Righteousness (Dharma) • Public Good (Loka Sangraha) • Efficacy (Kausalam) • Innovation (Vividhata) • Learning (Jigyasa) • Dharmayudh

  13. Overview of Ethical Value System System of Universalism • This theory is based on the duties or obligations of an individual in society • It states that the moral worth of an action of an individual should be judge by his intentions and not by the outcome of his action • The underlying philosophy is that good intentions would always result in good outcome, ultimately, if not immediately • Actions performed under it are in accordance with categorical imperative and therefore morally correct

  14. Overview of Ethical Value System System of Utilitarianism • This approach is concerned not with the act but the consequence of the act • Aims at creating the greatest degree of benefit for the largest number of people while incurring the least amount of harm possible • Main difficulty in Accurately measuring costs and benefits

  15. Overview of Ethical Value System System of Distributive justice • All rules and laws must be just • Emphasis on equal distribution of burden and benefits • Moral value action can be determined by the degree of cooperation it generates within the members of our society

  16. Overview of Ethical Value System Individual Freedom of Choice • All individuals must be allowed to make choices among alternatives leading to their own welfare • These choices must be within law

  17. Overview of Ethical Value System Legal System& professional Codes • Moral worth of an action can be determined through Legal System • Professional codes are value-based norms of desired behavior within a particular profession

  18. Parent-Adult-Child Ego State Parent (A taught concept of life) Adult (A thought concept of life) Child (A felt concept of life)

  19. The 4 – Life Positions – Thomas A. Harris Life Position 1 – “I AM NOT OK – YOU ARE OK” • Persons feel inferior to others in some way while the rest of the world is alright • He is focused only on getting others to like and appreciate him

  20. The 4 – Life Positions – Thomas A. Harris Life Position 2 - “I AM NOT OK – YOU ARE NOT OK” • Person concludes that there is something wrong with both – himself and world • He views everything negatively and with suspicion

  21. The 4 – Life Positions – Thomas A. Harris Life Position 3 - “I AM OK – YOU ARE NOT OK” • A person with this life position is always convinced that he is ok no matter whatever he does and total fault in every situation lies in others • This is a potentially criminal position

  22. The 4 – Life Positions – Thomas A. Harris Life Position 4 - “I AM OK – YOU ARE ALSO OK” • Persons accepts himself and the world as alright • Person with this life position is always in harmony and peace with himself and world

  23. Culture and Ethics • Social Contract Theory : Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau • Collection of Socialism Theory : Plato and Aristotle • Organic Theory : Leslie Stephen and Herbert Spencer • Idealistic or Group Mind Theory : Plato

  24. Similarity of ethical Values in Different Cultures • It is unethical to cause harm too society in pursuit o one’s happiness • Every person has a responsibility towards the welfare of the society • A man is indebted to society • Principle of fairness • Principle of Integrity and Honesty • Principle of human Dignity

  25. Thank You

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