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Colloquium on Poverty Research 2011-CEPA Paper by Maneka Jayasinghe and Rajith W.D. Lakshman

Gender Mainstreaming and Sustainable Livelihood Approach a Case Study from Sri Lanka in a longitudinal lens. Colloquium on Poverty Research 2011-CEPA Paper by Maneka Jayasinghe and Rajith W.D. Lakshman. Research Problem.

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Colloquium on Poverty Research 2011-CEPA Paper by Maneka Jayasinghe and Rajith W.D. Lakshman

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  1. Gender Mainstreaming and Sustainable Livelihood Approacha Case Study from Sri Lanka in a longitudinal lens Colloquium on Poverty Research 2011-CEPA Paper by Maneka Jayasinghe and Rajith W.D. Lakshman

  2. Research Problem • How far rural development interventions which adopt gender sensitive approaches have been able to promote gender equality in the medium term? • Rural development intervention: Gemidiriya Community development and livelihood improvement project (12 years project commenced in 2004 and c0mpleted the 1st phase in 2010 and is preparing for the 2nd phase) • Whether the project uses a gender sensitive approach? Yes

  3. Gemidiriya Community Development and Livelihood Improvement Project • Gender Concern: reduction of gender imbalances in rural communities and thereby empowering women and mainstreaming them in development Gendered Targets of the Project: • 50% of the women in the village should hold managerial positions in all committees • All the village level decisions should be approved in the general meeting of the village with more than 50% female participation.

  4. Gemidiriya Project Cont: Gemidiriya Project Infrastructure Development Livelihood Improvement Capacity Building Credit and Savings Fund+ Onetime Grant Skill Development Innovative Seeds Fund

  5. Data and Methodology Primary data [Survey (110 households) and in-depth interviews (10 household), Interviews with project officers, members of the Gemidiriya village organization] Secondary data [Baseline data collected by the project in 2004 (adjusted for inflation), project specific and other literature] Sample properties • 457 individuals, 51 % male and 49 % female • 110 households, 12 % is female headed and 88% is male headed • Marital status: 53 % is married, 42 % is unmarried • Occupation distribution: 35 individual -Mining , 34 -cultivation workers and 34- laborers,15- garment factories, 10-working in tea estates.

  6. Data and Methodology cont: • The data is gathered and analyzed both at the household level and the individual level. • The analytical framework we used is DIFD “Sustainable Livelihood Framework” • We examined how the development intervention has been able to increase Financial , Social and Human Capital Ownership in the asset pentagon. Source: DFID Sustainable Livelihood Guidance Sheet, 1999

  7. Research Findings Financial Capital: Income Level Table 1: Individual Level income by gender Table 2: Household level income by gender of the head of the household Source: * Baseline survey 2004 ** Household survey 2010

  8. Research Findings cont:Financial Capital: Savings Behavior Source: * Base line survey 2004 ** Household survey 2010

  9. Research Findings cont:Financial Capital: Access to loans Source: * Baseline survey 2004 ** Household survey 2010

  10. Research Findings cont:Human Capital: Education Source: Household survey 2010 • Human Capital improvement through Skill development: 15 individuals (1 female and 14 male have been able to improve their livelihood skills under skills development component

  11. Social Capital: Female participation and Leadership Source: 2007: Our Village SAARC village, Gemidiriya 2007 2010: Calculated by the author using West Mudunkotuwa Gemidiriya field office committee report

  12. Conclusion • Research findings show mixed results Overall achievements: • Development interventions increases Financial Capital Ownership, Social Capital Ownership and Human Capital Ownership of the community Impact on reducing Gender Imbalances • Where there is well defined targets, it is more likely to achieve those However, • Where there is no targets, the achievements are not substantial • The persistence of medium term gender disparity in livelihoods and hence the income levels leads to question the sustainability of these gendered initiatives.

  13. Recommendations • Set up well defined targets to reduce imbalances in the ownership of financial and human capital • 1: Eliminate gender inequality in access to employment opportunities • 2: Eliminating disparities in livelihood skills

  14. Thank you Q&A

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