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Irrigation

Irrigation. Chapter #7. What is irrigation?. the controlled application of water xerophytes, mesophytes, hydrophytes. What is transpiration?. plants give off water in the form of a gas 99% of water is transpired. What is Transpiration Ratio?.

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Irrigation

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  1. Irrigation Chapter #7

  2. What is irrigation? • the controlled application of water • xerophytes, mesophytes, hydrophytes

  3. What is transpiration? • plants give off water in the form of a gas • 99% of water is transpired

  4. What is Transpiration Ratio? • pounds of water transpired for each pound of dry matter produced (table page 74)

  5. What is water use efficiency? • pounds of dry matter produced per inch of water used

  6. What is an inch of rain mean? • enough water to cover an acre with 1" of water • not all water is used by the plant (evaporation, runoff etc)

  7. How do growing conditions affect water requirements for plants? • high wind or temp = more water • disease = more water • seedling development = less water • crop maturity = less water • nitrogen encourages water use

  8. What is climate? • the amount of water throughout the season

  9. What is the climate in Northeast Montana? • semi-arid = 10-20" moisture/year

  10. How is water measured for irrigation? • Gallon • Acre-feet = one acre (43,560 ft) one foot deep • Barrel = 42 gallons • Cubic Feet

  11. What is Flow? given amount of water in a specific time • GPM, CFS, CFM, Barrels/day • Example: • 100 acres • apply 8" water • pump delivers 900 GPM • how long do you need to run the pump to get 8" water?

  12. Answer • 100 acres x .66' = 66 acre feet • (66 * 43,560) =2,874,960 CF • 2,874,960 * 7.48 = • 21,504,700 gallons • 21,504,700 / 900 = 23,894 min or 16.5 days at 24 hrs/day

  13. What are the types of irrigation? • Surface Irrigation • Wild Flooding- hay • Furrow Irrigation - sugar beets • Subsurface Irrigation - water from underground • Aerial Irrigation • Sprinkler - center pivot, line, wheel line • Drip or Trickle - water applied directly to plant

  14. What is moisture stress? • plants do not get enough water

  15. How do plants deal with moisture stress? • 1) tolerate - do not grow as tall • 2) escape - shorten life cycle • 3) avoid - store water, roll up leaves

  16. How can we reduce moisture stress? • reduce weeds (competition) • less seed (competition) • balance fertilizer

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