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October 18, 2011

October 18, 2011. Objective : Determine the porosity of soils and water flow with three different sized particles. Agenda: Ground water notes Lab: Porosity of soils and water flow . HYDROLOGIC CYCLE. condensation. precipitation. transpiration. evaporation. runoff. infiltration.

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October 18, 2011

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  1. October 18, 2011

  2. Objective : • Determine the porosity of soils and water flow with three different sized particles. • Agenda: • Ground water notes • Lab: Porosity of soils and water flow

  3. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE condensation precipitation transpiration evaporation runoff infiltration Water table Stream, spring, lake, or ocean aquifer Groundwater flow

  4. GROUND WATER Groundwater is always moving --but very slowly

  5. 3 FACTORS AFFECT INFILTRATION • PERMEABILITY – ABILITY OF WATER TO FLOW (IMPERMEABLE – NO WATER CAN FLOW THROUGH) • POROSITY – PORE SPACES BETWEEN SEDIMENTS • CAPILLARITY – THE ABILITY OF WATER TO MOVE UPWARD IN SOIL

  6. 1.Permeability– larger size = BETTER • small – impermeable • (cannot flow through) • 2.Porosity– size has NO EFFECT • Shape – round = best • Packing – loosely packed or less dense • Sorting – well sorted • 3.Capillarity – smaller size sediment = BETTER

  7. PERMEABILITY

  8. Clay is impermeable – water will not flow through easily

  9. CAPILLARITY – WATER MOVES UPWARD • SMALLER SIZED PARTICLES INCREASE CAPILLARITY

  10. Infiltration rate Infiltration rate Permeability Slope Porosity Infiltration rate Soil Storage Saturation INFILTRATION Infiltration refers to water soaking into the ground: Infiltration rate

  11. GROUND WATER - Aquifer • WATER INFILTRATES • STOPS AT IMPERMEABLE LAYER • RISES FROM BOTTOM UP – (LIKE FILLING A BATH TUB) THIS IS CALLED GROUNDWATER AKA – SATURATED ZONE AKA - AQUIFER • TOP OF SATURATED ZONE IS THE WATER TABLE • UNSATURATED ZONE – AIR AND WATER • CAPILLARY FRINGE – WATER RISES TO FEED ROOTS

  12. WATER TABLE RISES WITH RAINFALL FALLS WITH DROUGHT

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