Sustainable Water Management and Health & Safety Impacts

1. Sustainable Water Management and Health & Safety Impacts Water

2. "Water“ is a key environmental issue.

3. Presentation Outline Water Pollution Problems Water Quality Issues Water Quality Monitoring Data Processing and Utilization Water Quality Modeling Policy Decision from Monitoring Activities Program Implementations Conclusion

4. Water is a key environmental issue. • There concept of sustainable development is in managing • the environment effectively and treating the environment as • a common global good (example water). • This is a basic discussion of a globally key environmental • issue: WATER. • Water Demand: • 60 % increase from 9,543 Mld in 1995 to 15,285 Mld in • 2010 • 113 % increase from to 20,338 in 2020. • Several parts of Malaysia experience severe water • shortages due to drought in 1998. • New source works for addition supplies to meet future • needs. For e.g. water from Pahang Rivers. • Water Pollution Problems

5. 2. Water Quality Issues (Source: DOE, 2011)

6. 2. Water Quality Issues (Source: DOE, 2011)

7. 2. Water Quality Issues (Source: DOE, 2011)

8. 2. Water Quality Issues (Source: DOE, 2011)

9. 2. Water Quality Issues (Source: DOE, 2011)

10. 2. Water Quality Issues (Source: DOE, 2011)

11. The demand for monitoring data is expected • to grow significantly, • On 1st January 1995, a national corporatised • private body operates the monitoring • activities based on a concession agreement • between DOE and ASMA. • • In-situ measurements of more than 6 parameters • – Turbidity, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, • pH and electrical conductivity. • • Laboratory analyses of as many as 24 other • chemical and Biological parameters. 3. Water Quality Monitoring (Source: DOE, 2011)

12. 3. Water Quality Monitoring (Source: DOE, 2011)

13. 10 Automatic water quality monitoring stations on major rivers • To detect changes in river water quality on a continuous basis. • Water Quality levels violating the ambient standard for specific parameters will be transmitted real-time to DOE. • Immediate inspection will be conducted at suspected sites. • Currently installed at sensitive locations including upstream of water abstraction points. 3. Water Quality Monitoring (Source: DOE, 2011)

14. 10 Automatic water quality monitoring stations on major rivers • To detect changes in river water quality on a continuous basis. • Water Quality levels violating the ambient standard for specific parameters will be transmitted real-time to DOE. • Immediate inspection will be conducted at suspected sites. • Currently installed at sensitive locations including upstream of water abstraction points. 3. Water Quality Monitoring (Source: DOE, 2011)

15. 3. Water Quality Monitoring : River Basins Automatic Water Quality Monitoring Stations (Source: DOE, 2011)

16. 3. Water Quality Monitoring : River Basins (Source: DOE, 2011)

17. 3. Water Quality Monitoring : River Basins (Source: DOE, 2011)

18. Some 5,256 samples were taken • annually thereby generating over • 157,600 water quality data each • year. • Data been processed and • calculated for Water Quality Index. 4. Data Processing and Utilization (Source: DOE, 2011)

19. 4. Data Processing and Utilization (Source: DOE, 2011)

20. 4. Data Processing and Utilization (Source: DOE, 2011) (Source: DOE, 2011)

21. 4. Data Processing and Utilization (Source: DOE, 2011)

22. 4. Data Processing and Utilization (Source: DOE, 2011)

23. 4. Data Processing and Utilization (Source: DOE, 2011)

24. Modeling been widely utilised in Environmental • Impact Assessment (EIA) for prescribed • activities, but on small scale. • • Under the legislation, all prescribed activities are • required to submit to DOE EIA report for approval • prior to project implementation. • Normally some modeling works are incorporated. • • Now, DOE has programs to model the river water • quality on river basin scale starting with few rivers • – including Langat River, Segget River, Tebrau • River and Rajang River. 5. Water Quality Modeling

25. River classifications for major rivers have been completed. • Now 24 rivers. • Under the Eight Malaysian Plan (2001-2005) and the Third Outline Perspectives Plan (2001-2010), emphasis given to improve river water quality and integrated river basin management. • Some rivers have been set to attain Class II. 6. Policy Decision from Monitoring Activities

26. • Program for the pollution prevention improvement of river water quality has been planned and implemented as of 2001. • 26 rivers identified. • In 2001, the program started with 6 rivers namely: Langat River, Skudai River, SeggetRiver, Tebrau River, Melaka River and Miri River. 7. Program Implementations

27. Rajah 1. Malaysia : Lembangan Sungai yang Terlibat Di bawah Program Pencegahan Pencemaran Sungai dan Peningkatan Kualiti Air, Rancangan Malaysia ke LapanFigure 1. Malaysia : River Basins Selected under the River Pollution Prevention andWater Quality Improvement Program, Eighth Malaysian Plan • The program is intended to improve the • river water quality to regain its clean • status and to restore the natural beauty • and the beneficial uses of the water. • The effort aims to ensure the sustainability • of the water uses in the basin.

28. Earth's Water

29. Non-ocean water is a very limited resource. • Only 3% of Earth's water is available for human consumption but large portions are either inaccessible or due to pollution, unfit for human use • Non-ocean 3% (ground water, glaciers, inland seas, ice caps, other) • Oceans 97%

30. Explore the web-linking water pipe where you will get an excellent overview and information related to Earth’s water. • Explore the dripping pipe at USGS. • You should then proceed to explore patterns of water use, again by referring to a “dripping web-pipe”, at: http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wateruse.ht...

31. Sustainable Water Use

32. Role of Water Management Authority in Malaysia (Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia). • Water Resources Management • 3 Aspects of Water Resources Management: • Water in Environment Enhancement • Water in Agriculture and Food Production • Protection from Water as a Destructive Force (DID, 2007)

33. Water treatment

34. WATER AS A RESOURCE

35. Environmental Impact and Water Conservation • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) • EIA is a formal process used to predict and assess the environmental consequences of a development project. • The purpose is: • to support the goals of environmental protection & sustainable development, • to integrate environmental protection and economic decisions at the earliest stages of planning, • to mitigate adverse impacts resulting from the proposed activity; and, • to provide for involvement of the public, Government and Government agencies in the review of the proposed activities. http://www.tuv-sud.in/EnvImpact&WaterConservation.asp

36. Environmental Impact and Water Conservation • Water Audit study is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of water consumption to identify means of reuse and recycling of water. • It not only promotes water conservation and delivers cost savings, but also helps companies safeguard public health & property, improve external relations & reduce legal liability. • This has been recognized as necessary and is in the process of assessments. http://www.tuv-sud.in/EnvImpact&WaterConservation.asp

37. Irrigation and Drainage • Irrigation and drainage development and management however, will continue to be with DID, as it is a critical input for agriculture development.  • With the same theme, irrigation and agriculture drainage development too will have to be approached as a business with new and innovative technologies.

38. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) • Malaysia has to operate on a performance-based system.  • Our modernization efforts will continue and the benchmarking programs will be refined.  • We have established key performance indicators (KPIs) for open channel system efficiency to be increased to 60% and our water productivity to be above 0.5 kilogram per metre cube of water.  • Efforts are already underway to study the feasibility of converting some of the open channels to pipelines.

39. Agriculture Drainage • Agriculture drainage is a very important aspect of our agriculture especially when we reveived an average of 3000 millimetres of rain annually.  • There are many successes at agricultural land reclamation and drainage projects such as the 240,000 hectare Western Johor Agriculture Drainage Project, Kalaka-Saribas in Sarawak and the coastal plains of Peninsular Malaysia.  • But these systems need to be refined if the objectives of the New Agriculture are to be achieved.  • Particularly challenging is agriculture in the peat and acid sulphate soils.  • In addition, we now have to solve the frequently conflicting drainage needs of agriculture with that for the ever expanding urban growth centres located within the agriculture area.

40. STRATEGIC DRIVERS: • The need to meet Customer/Clients demand and expectation for quality data and information • Competition for water • Declining quality for water resources • Increasing cost of infrastructure development and maintenance • Competing demands for water (DID, 2007)

41. KEY SERVICES: • Surface Water Resource Assesement • Groundwater Resource Assessment • Sustainable Water Resource Assessment • Provision of adequate irrigation water (DID, 2007)

42. WATER IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT • Surface Water Resource Assesement • Groundwater Resource Assessment • Sustainable Water Resource Assessment • Provision of adequate irrigation water (DID, 2007)

43. STRATEGIC DRIVERS: • The need to improve quality of life of farmers • Need to implement integrated coastal zone management to ensure sustainable exploitation of coastal resources and environmental preservation • Need to establish integrated database and information system for coastal zone tosupport integrated coastal zone management in all the states • Client demand for quality water resources. • Increasing nutrient load from river to the sea. • Need to implement restoration/ rehabilitation works of river environment. (DID, 2007)

44. STRATEGIC DRIVERS: • Need to establish Integrated River Basin Management organizations/committees or similar at every state to plan, manage and enforce Integrated River Basin Management Plan (which will include catchment and urban stormwater management). • Need to establish shared inter-agency databases and information systems on a river basin basis, to enable planning for water resources, flood mitigation, environmental enhancement requirements etc. • Need to establish a river environment rich in aquatic life and habitats (DID, 2007)

45. KEY SERVICES • Information & knowledge collation and distribution, planning and design • Preparation of guidelines and manuals • Awareness programs • Implementation of projects on: • River conservancy • River restoration and rehabilitation • River recreation and landscaping • Provision of technical advice on proposed developments in the coastal zone • Preparation of guidelines on coastal zone management guideline (DID, 2007)

46. WATER IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION • The need to meet the NAP 3 objectives • Globalization • Increase in income level • Competition for resources • KEY SERVICES: • Infrastructures development • Irrigation/ drainage management (DID, 2007)

47. PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND LIFE FROM RIVER AND COASTAL FORCES • STRATEGIC DRIVERS: • Rising public demands for protection from flooding, coastal and riverbanks erosion and river mouth siltation • Increasing value of land and properties especially in urban areas • Need to manage impact of land use changes • Increasing development pressure and activities in coastal area such as land reclamation , upstream development and sand mining activity. • Vast potential in tourism industry in coastal area • Commitment of government to the policy of environmentally sustainable development (DID, 2007)

48. PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND LIFE FROM RIVER AND COASTAL FORCES • STRATEGIC DRIVERS: • Need for government to implement integrated coastal zone management and river erosion control and conservancy works • Need to establish integrated database and information system for:- • coastal zone to support integrated coastal zone management in all the states • river erosion control for planning purposes • Need for controlling water quantity at source to lessen erosive forces. • Need for government agencies to integrate for effective function of integrated river basin management (DID, 2007)

49. KEY SERVICES: • Flood forecasting and warning • Prevention • Flood Protection • Technical Advice • Integrated Shoreline Management • Provision of coastal defense works • Provision of river mouth improvement works • Provision of technical advice (DID, 2007)

50. In this section you will build up your knowledge about water use. • You'll discover answers to the following questions…