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Albania under Sali Berisha April 1992 to July 1997

Albania under Sali Berisha April 1992 to July 1997. Ex-Communist cardiologist and DP- leader Sali Berisha Alexander Meksi - prime minister. The Bersiha regime soon began to show worrying signs of authoritarianism. Ex-president Alia was placed under house arrest on 12 September 1992.

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Albania under Sali Berisha April 1992 to July 1997

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  1. Albania under Sali Berisha April 1992 to July 1997

  2. Ex-Communist cardiologist and DP- leader Sali Berisha • Alexander Meksi -prime minister. • The Bersiha regime soon began to show worrying signs of authoritarianism. • Ex-president Alia was placed under house arrest on 12 September 1992. • In January 1993 Nexhmije Hoxha was jailed for nine years. • In July 1993 parliament voted to deprive former prime minister Fatos Nano of his parliamentary immunity from arrest.

  3. A referendum • Berisha had been unable achieve a two-third majority for it in parliament. • However, Berisha was not successful in the referendum. • 9out of 19cabinet ministers were replaced.

  4. The two-stage parliamentary election of 26 May and 2 June 1996 • 140 seats = 115 constituency + 25 determined by proportional representation. • 4% threshold for representation remained • Democratic Party : 122 seats – 55.5 % • Socialist Party : 10 seats – 20.4 % • Republican Party : 3 seats – 5.7% • Human Rights Party : 3 seats – 4 % (Omonia ethnic Greek party) • The Right-wing Monarchist Party : 2 seats – 5 %

  5. The deterioration of Greek- Albanian relations, 1993-1997 • North Epirus issue • Minority Greeks and Albanians • 25 June 1993, expelled a Greek Orthodox priest • 26 June 1993, expelled to 30,000 Albanian immigrants.

  6. Greek-Albanian Reconciliation,1995-1997 • A more conciliatory stance • Promise to work towards a treaty of peace and friendship • The ‘friendship and cooperation’ treaty - Establishment of private Greek language schools - Economic cooperation - The settlement by negotiation of the legal status of Albanian migrant workers in Greece.

  7. Foreign Policy under Berisha 1992-1997 • Berisha received strong support from Western countries. • In October 1993 The USA and Albania signed an accord on military cooperation. • Readiness to broaden, expand defence and military relations. • On 22 February 1996, the return of gold 1.5 tones of gold ingots and coins.

  8. Economic policy under President Berisha, 1992-1997 1. Austerity measure to reduce the huge budget deficit. 2. Flotation of the lek. 3. Foreign-trade liberalization. 4.Rapid price liberalization. 5.Rapid expansion of the private sector. 6.A new bankruptcy law was passed in October 1995.

  9. The second socialist government headed by Ilir Meta August 2001 to January 2002 • The SPA-led government headed by Pandeli Majko February 2002 to July 2005 • The SPA-led government headed by Fatos Nano July 2002 to August 2005

  10. The parliamentary election of 3 July and 21 August 2005 and the formation of a new centre-right government under Sali Berisha, September 2005 *Sali Berisha coalitionobtained 80 of the 140 seats *Centre-leftcoalitionobtained 59 seats

  11. Albanian democratization in comparative perspective • In Albania, all communist regime structures were destroyed during the 1990s. • However, It was not a liberal democracy • A new more horizontally structured legal order, but lawlessness, a kind of anarchy. • A rude yet very vigorous democracy of sorts… • Albanian political parties play rough in their parliamentary and local elections

  12. THANK YOU…

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