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Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics. By: Courtney Czaplicki & Lauren Ross Period 1. 9/30/11. Composition of the Earth. Crust- The crust of the Earth is the outermost layer. There are two types of crust : Oceanic and Continental. Continental crust is thicker than the Oceanic crust.

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Plate Tectonics

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  1. Plate Tectonics By: Courtney Czaplicki & Lauren Ross Period 1. 9/30/11

  2. Composition of the Earth. • Crust- The crust of the Earth is the outermost layer. There are two types of crust : Oceanic and Continental. • Continental crust is thicker than the Oceanic crust. • The Mantle is under the crust. The mantle is super thick and contains most of the planet’s mass.

  3. Composition of the Earth • The Core- There are two sections of the core Inner and Outer. • The Outer core is liquid iron. • The Inner Core is solid iron. It is solid because of the pressure put on it.

  4. Structure of the Earth. • The outermost layer of the Earth is called the lithosphere. This portion of the Earth includes the crust and the ridged upper part of the mantel. • The Asthenosphere is directly under the Lithosphere. The Asthenosphere is made of solid rock that flows very slowly.

  5. Structure of the Earth • The lower part of the Mantle is called the Mesosphere. The Mesosphere extends to the core. • Outer core / Inner core. Both made of Iron and Nickel. Outer core is liquid Inner core is solid and dense. Inner core is around 6,378km below the surface.

  6. Tectonic Plates • Pieces of the Lithosphere or crust that slides around on top of the Mantel. • There are 15 major plates and hundreds of smaller ones. • Scientists say that the plate tectonic system is like that of a jigsaw puzzle.

  7. Earthquakes and Volcanoes. • Earthquakes and Volcanoes are caused by tectonic plates moving away, crashing into, or sliding past one another. • Divergent Boundary- when plates move away from each other. • Convergent Boundary- Plates crash into each other. One plate sub ducts underneath the other plate. • Transform Boundary- Plates slip past each other

  8. Continental Drift. • The Scientist that first thought about continental drift was Alfred Wegner • He was looking at a map and thought that the coast lines of South America and Africa looked like they’d fit together like a puzzle.

  9. Pangaea. • Wegner thought that all of the present continents and islands once fit all together like a huge jigsaw puzzle. • He called this landmass Pangaea. • Pangaea is Greek for “all Earth”.

  10. Evidence. • Wegener studied coastlines, fossils of animals and where they were found, and glacial patterns and evidence. • He discovered that many of the continents had the same plant and animal fossils found on them.

  11. Works Cited. • Holt Science and Technology – Earth Science 2004. • Pangaea image was found at - http://www.pangaeapartners.com/ • Pangaea evidence was found at- http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/pangea.htm • Wegner’s photo was found at- http://www.uni-graz.at/en/igamwww/igamwww_praesentation.htm • Structure of the Earth was found at- http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10h.html

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