BY: Cody Tollison & Sarah Shepard

1. FORENSIc DENTISTRY BY: Cody Tollison & Sarah Shepard

2. A Forensic Dentist…. • Application of dentistry to legal problems. • Examine and evaluate dental evidence. • Undergraduate Education • DDS ( Doctor of Dental Science) • Extra Training • Practicing dentists

3. What they do…. • Bite Marks- • Female- Breast, Legs • Male- Arms, shoulders • Defense- Arms, hands • Indentify Individuals • Individual dental makeup • Match with dental records • Placement of bite mark • Age- • Nearly all teeth develop at same rate from 4 months to 30’s • Time elapsed since Death • 7 to 14 days before body discoloration, teeth turn purplish pink color due to blood break down products in dentinal tubules

4. Fires or explosions • Tooth Colored Dental Fillings • Withstand 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit • Figure out the brand or brand group • Match with dental records

5. Interview With Dr. Lowell • what is your educational background? • BA DDS • what is a typical day like for you? • DIR Medicolegal Investigations Unit, New York State Police. Review all cases that we acquire from state, local, federal, other agencies. • - are you a forensic specialist all the time or do you have a "day job"? • Salaried employee of NYSP • - do you have any examples of recent cases that you have come across? Both living victim and death investigations. E.g. identify burned beyond • recognition homicide victim, bite marks on battered 2 year old child.

6. Interview (Cont.) • - how do you identify a victim using dental records? • Compare ante mortem and post mortem similar evidence (e.g. radiographs) looking for similar characteristics in similar location. • - how can age be estimated by observing the teeth? • Most experienced clinicians can look at the dentition and the radiographs and estimate age fairly accurately. Older and younger is easier than middle age. • -do cases come around for you quite often or just every once in a while? • We see case almost every day because we draw from such a large number of agencies

7. Case Study: Name: Theodore Robert Bundy FBI Case No: 251163P2 Date of Birth: 11-24-46 The cause of death for Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman was strangulation. Additionally, they received severe beatings from what was discovered to be a length of a tree branch used as a club. Margaret Bowman's skull was crushed and laid open. Lisa Levy had been bitten with sufficient intensity to leave indentations, which could clearly be identified as human bite marks. As a part of the investigation, police technicians took numerous photographs of the bite on the victim's body. A forensic odontologist then made molds of Bundy's teeth. When compared to the bite marks the molds matched perfectly. This is why forensic odontology is so important because one of the most infamous killers in America, Bundy, who was so good at leaving no evidence was caught with one piece of evidence: a bite mark.

8. Citations: • http://www.forensicdentistryonline.org/Forensic_pages_1/bitemarkguide.htm • http://www.forensicdentistryonline.org/Forensic_pages_1/identguide.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_dentistry • http://www.abfo.org/