“The Dirty Dozen”

1. “The Dirty Dozen” Lack of Assertiveness

2. Definition • Assertive has been defined as standing up for rights and expressing feelings in an honest, open, appropriate and direct way which do not violate another person’s rights.

3. Definition • Assertive has been defined as standing up for rights and expressing feelings in an honest, open, appropriate and direct way which do not violate another person’s rights. • So, by definition, lack of assertiveness is the inability to stand up for rights and feelings.

4. Safety Nets Available • Be assertive and provide clear feedback when danger is perceived.

5. Safety Nets Available • Be assertive and provide clear feedback when danger is perceived. • If it's not critical, record it in the log book and only sign for what is serviceable.

6. Safety Nets Available • Be assertive and provide clear feedback when danger is perceived • If it's not critical, record it in the log book and only sign for what is serviceable • Refuse to compromise your standards

7. Safety Nets Available • Be assertive and provide clear feedback when danger is perceived • If it's not critical, record it in the log book and only sign for what is serviceable • Refuse to compromise your standards "If you invite people to kick you, ultimately there will be someone who will accommodate your request."

8. Safety Nets Available • Be assertive and provide clear feedback when danger is perceived • If it's not critical, record it in the journey log book and only sign for what is serviceable • Refuse to compromise your standards • Allow team members to give their opinions and accept criticisms positively

9. Safety Nets Available • Be assertive and provide clear feedback when danger is perceived • If it's not critical, record it in the journey log book and only sign for what is serviceable • Refuse to compromise your standards • Allow team members to give their opinions and accept criticisms positively • Ask what you need to know

10. Safety Nets Available Never compromise your job's integrity or security, simply because you're too afraid to sound out or to ask someone when you see something done incorrectly…

11. Cause & Effect

13. Causes • Individuals being hesitant in expressing their opinions - often found in people who are new

14. Causes Causes • Individuals being hesitant in expressing their opinions - often found in people who are new • Individuals who are new and dare not ask any questions, even when they're uncertain

15. Causes • Individuals being hesitant in expressing their opinions - often found in people who are new • Individuals who are new and dare not ask any questions, even when they're uncertain • Individuals who see something wrong, but fail to communicate with their superiors to clarify

16. Effects • Improper work planning

17. Effects • Improper work planning • Improper or unsafe working environments/operating methods

18. Effects • Improper work planning • Improper or unsafe working environments/operating methods • Safety issues, Concerns & Accidents

19. “The Dirty Dozen” Lack of Awareness

20. Definition Definition • Defined as, “a failure to recognize all the consequences of an action, or lack of foresight”

21. Examples Definition • Incursions and Excursions

22. Examples Definition • Incursions and Excursions • Globally, ICAO reports there were 121 commercial airline accidents in 2010 compared to 113 in 2009

23. Examples Definition • Incursions and Excursions • Globally, ICAO reports there were 121 commercial airline accidents in 2010 compared to 113 in 2009 • In 2010, the industry set a new world record of more than 30.5 million departures. By 2030, it’s expected to reach 52 Million

24. Examples Definition • Pilot fatally struck by moving propeller he tried to manually restart after plane stalled • Pilot was trying to hand crank propeller after Piper Cherokee stalled struck him in head; he was taken to hospital and died four hours later • A pilot died on January 30, 2012 after being struck in the head by the moving propeller of a single-engine plane.

25. Human Factor Definition Safety is never an issue – until there is an “issue” When accident investigators begin piecing together the puzzle of an aviation accident, they often find that human factors played a role in what happened. It might be a mistake by a member of the flight crew or any of the dozens of people – mechanics, cargo handlers, vendors and others – who came into contact with the aircraft before it left the ground.

26. Abundance of Fatigue • is a state of awareness describing a range of afflictions, usually associated with physical and/or mental weakness, though varying from a general state of exhaustion to a specific work-induced burning sensation within one's muscles. Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities. It is widespread in everyday life, but usually becomes particularly noticeable during heavy exercise.

27. Physical fatigue • Physical fatigue or muscle weakness and/or aches, (or "lack of strength") is a direct term for the inability to exert force with one's muscles to the degree that would be expected given the individual's general physical fitness.

28. Mental fatigue • in turn, can manifest itself both as decreased wakefulness, or just as a general decrease of attention, it does not necessarily include sleepiness.. It may also be described as a more or less decreased level of consciousness. In any case, this can be dangerous when performing tasks that require constant concentration, such as driving a vehicle.

29. Example of Mental Fatigue • For instance, a person who is sufficiently somnolent (decreased wakefulness) may experience microsleep.

30. Chronic fatigue • Prolonged fatigue is a self-reported, persistent (constant) fatigue lasting at least one month. Chronic fatigue is a self-reported fatigue lasting at least six consecutive months. Chronic fatigue may be either persistent or relapsing. Chronic fatigue is a symptom of a large number of different diseases or conditions.

31. Examples of Fatigue • For example, if you wake up in the morning rested but quickly develop fatigue with activity, you may have a condition such as an underactive thyroid. On the other hand, if you wake up with a low level of energy and have fatigue that lasts throughout the day, you may be depressed.

32. Abundance of Norms • Norms are omnipresent in society. Norms are expected, yet implicit rules for behaviour. That is, norms dictate fundamental rules of dress, speech, and basic interaction. Because they are rules for behaviour that define others’ expectations, norms facilitate social interaction by reducing the number of surprises one may encounter in a given social context.

33. Norms example For example, a maintenance team may meet regularly before and after a shift is over or even socially, during days off. If this meeting is not required by the organization, but expected by the team members, then it is a norm.