Learning Problems in Hearing Impaired Students

1. Learning Problems in Hearing Impaired Students Presenter Salwa Saeed ElNagdy

2. Intellectual Learning Emotional Cognitive & Thinking & Linguistic Language Skills Behavioral SOME Associated problems with Hearing Impairment

3. Affection of Behavior& Emotional Problems • Some of them have aggression & disruptive behavior which certainly affects their ability to learn ( Chalk 1999) • Emotional problems is also presented by ( e.g.( Rejection of peers ).

4. Affection of Thinking & Language Skills • Thinking Process & Language Skills will be inevitably affected ( Chalk 1999).

5. Underlying Etiologies (Causes)) • There are some common causes & • main Diseases that will cause Hearing : Impairment; Such as

6. Diseases & Disorders Affecting the Nervous System

7. Some Diseases Causing Learning Problems of Hearing Impaired • Miningitis • Prematurity • Cytomegalovirus

8. Effect of these Diseases • The Author Assumes that as these diseases affect the central Nervous System . So the children will have intellectual , Cognitive , Learning Problems as a result of these Diseases ( Chalk ,1999)

9. Greater Risks on Premature Infants • Pre-maturity has an effect & Complications on the short term & Long term • It affects growth & Mental Development & Cognitive Abilities of the Infant (Who Disease & Injury Country Estimates” World Health Organization,2009.Retrieved Nov. 11. 2009)

10. Main Characteristics of Difficulty In Language Acquisition

11. Problems of Language Acquisition • Gap in growth & Acquisition of vocabulary • Complex Sentence Comprehension • Difficulty in Construction of Sentences • Difficulty in Concept Formation Compared to Students of Normal Hearing

12. Difficulty in Understanding of Questions & Pragmatic incompetence

13. Equipment Needs of Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

14. Technical Aids Used • Some Common technical aids are used as Hearing Aids with its different types , F.M System, & Cochlear Implants etc.

15. Role Of Audiology & Audiologists • Doing Hearing Tests & determining the type of hearing aid or the technical aid that fits every child & student’s type & degree of hearing Loss.

16. School Intervention Programs • What Are These Programs?

17. School ProgramsElizabeth A. Martinez • Any type & Degree of Hearing Impairment have a negative impact on the spoken & receptive language • It also affects the ability to read & write & the academic achievement • In 1998 1.218 of hearing impaired 37% of them have failed a grade (U.S.A.)

18. School Program Studies has showed that unilateral hearing Impaired students are 10 times more than normal students to fail a grade . 94-96% of students of Hearing problems are hard of hearing & not deaf ( Elizabeth Martinez)

19. How Do They discriminate Speech • Speech for them is audible ( detectable ), but not intelligible enough to allow them to hear one word as distinct from another • The Hard of Hearing are in need of Support services to get a maximal benefit from education ; ( Audiologist to manage their hearing aids &classroom listening devices & listening environment

20. Effect of Bad Listening Environment • As Poor Listening conditions can render a hard of Hearing a functionally deaf

21. Effects of Early Intervention • Mandatory Early Hearing Screening has caused early Identification of the hearing loss from 3 years to 3 months only • Research has showed that early intervention & use of appropriate Hearing aids by the age of 6 months will help the child to be able to have normal milestones for language acquisition &learning at the age of kindergarten stage

22. Role of Hearing Aids • What is the Function of Hearing Aids?

23. Effect of Hearing Aids • Speech Recognition • Speech Production • Language content & form • Reading

24. More Functions & Requirements of Hearing Aids • Will not restore normal hearing • Will amplify all sound • Must be in excellent working condition • Must be worn consistently

25. Effect of Advanced Hearing Technology • By using the advanced technology , the child will be able to be in the mainstream kindergarten and schooling

26. What Are The Advanced Technology??? • Assistive Listening Devices • Hearing Aids Of Different types ; Depending on the child’s Type & Degree of Hearing Loss ( This is the Audiologist’s Decision ) • Cochlear Implant If it is recommended by the E.N.T. Specialist & The Audiologist.

27. References • Felexer , Carol,1999 Facilitating Hearing & Listening in Young Children . San Diego, CA , Singular etc .

28. Strategies used to develop Communication Skills • Some of the Intervention & Assistive Processes are Used to help In Developing Language & Communication Skills

29. So Facilitative Strategies Are Used in Various Aspects of Communication

30. General Trends • Convey The Messages through Facial Expression ,Gestures & Body Language • Try to face the student & Attract his Attention Before you Speak to him • If you are not facing the student try to touch his shoulder or his arm to attract his attention for your wish to communicate .

31. For Reinforcement • Repeat the New Vocabulary in different contexts • Sequence Topics So that the previously learnt is connected to the new one Use Visual Aids As Vision( Visual Stimulus) is the first means of receiving information

32. Problems of Lack of Memory of Words & Syntax ( What To Do ?) • Pictures Use • Picture Symbols Use

33. How to Help Sentence & Syntax Acquisition • Use of Action pictures & Cards

34. How to Help the Hearing Impaired Students in Learning ??? • What are the Strategies & processes of Intervention used with these Students ???

35. Helping Listening Skills • Use of Aural – Oral Approach

36. What Is Aural –Oral Approach ??? • How Is It Generally Applied ???

37. Aural –Oral Approach • It places the Emphasis on Speech, Residual Hearing & Speech Reading ( Lip – Reading ) IN Some Cases • Use of assistive Listening Devices all working hours • Optimal Amplification as the child is in need to understand the spoken word as ( hearing aids or the cochlear Implants etc.

38. Aural-Oral Approach ( Continued) • The Child is trained to use his residual Hearing to develop his Expressive Language • The aim is to mainstream the deaf /hard of hearing to be in regular schools after he/she finishes the training program

39. Resources • John Tracy Clinic • Alexander Graham Bell Association For the Deaf

40. Auditory –Verbal Method • It has some of the same Traits of Aural-Oral • But It does not Emphasize Speech Reading • The Child Is Trained to Listen First & not in Need to Look at the Speaker’s Mouth for Information • He is aimed to be mainstreamed in the preschool from the beginning • (Auditory –Verbal International Inc (AIV )

41. A Resource Guide to Support Classroom Teachers • Equipment Needs of Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

42. Technical Aid Which Help The Student To access the curriculum • Overhead Projectors & Use of Audio –Visual Aids & Using these aids to input in his F.M System

43. School programs & Some More Teaching Methods

44. Teaching Techniques • Use Written announcements Assignments, exam dates and changes in schedule etc. • Write all homework & assignments & instructions on the chalkboard.

45. Teaching Techniques (Continued) • Avoid Seating the child in heavy traffic areas • Use video if possible • Avoid vibration & excessive noise • Do not talk while writing on the chalkboard

46. Teaching Of Reading & Writing • How To help The Student To Read & Write ?

47. Why is reading & Understanding of written Text is affected ? • These are my view points !!!!!! • Reading is generally affected as the spoken Arabic is much different from the written Arabic.

48. Examples • دي عين أشوف بيها .( Slang Arabic ) • هذه عين أرى بها .( Written Arabic )

49. Examples أشم بمناخيري .(slang) أستنشق بأنفي .( Written )

50. Examples • الواد بياكل برتآنة ( spoken ) • يأكل الولد البرتقالة (Written )