I wonder if other dogs think poodles are members of a weird religious cult. - Rita Rudner

1. I wonder if other dogs think poodles are members of a weird religious cult. - Rita Rudner

2. Chapter Menu Lesson 1:Combining Forces Lesson 2:Types of Force Lesson 3:Unbalanced Forces and Acceleration Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.

3. 2.1 Combining Forces force net force unbalanced forces balanced forces Newton’s first law of motion

4. 2.1 Combining Forces Force • A push or a pull on an object is a force. I wonder if other dogs think poodles are members of a weird religious cult. - Rita Rudner

5. 2.1 Combining Forces Force A. Force is a Vector B. Force has a direction and a magnitude. C. Force is measured in Newtons.

6. 2.1 Combining Forces Combining Forces A. The force on an object is the combination of all forces on that object B. The resulting force of all the forces is called net force.

7. 2.1 Combining Forces Forces in the Same Direction • When forces in the same direction combine, 1. the net force is in the same direction • 2. the size of the net force are the forces added together.

8. 2.1 Combining Forces Combining Forces in the Same Direction (cont.) • If two people push the dresser to the right, the forces are added together.

9. 2.1 Combining Forces Forces in Opposite Directions • Combining forces in opposite direction= 1. the net force is in the direction of the larger force. 2. The size of the net force is the difference between the two forces.

10. 2.1 Combining Forces Combining Forces in Opposite Directions (cont.) • Two people exerting a force in opposite directions show how vectors combine to create net force.

11. 2.1 Combining Forces Unbalanced and Balanced Forces A. If the net force on an object is not zero, it is an unbalanced force. B. If the net force on an object equals zero, it is a balanced force. ONLY UNBALANCED FORCES CAUSE CHANGE IN MOTION!

12. 2.1 Combining Forces Balanced Forces

13. 2.1 Combining Forces Balanced Forces and Motion • If two people push with the same force, the door does not move. • The forces have the same magnitude. • The forces are in opposite directions. • The net force on the door is zero and the forces are balanced. • The motion of the door does not change.

14. 2.1 Combining Forces Unbalanced Forces and Motion • Unbalanced forces change motion. • If two people push with different force, the door moves. • The forces have a different magnitude and are in opposite directions. • The net force on the door is not zero and the forces are unbalanced. • The door moves in the direction of the larger force.

15. 2.1 Combining Forces Lesson 1 Review Which of the following changes occur when an unbalanced force acts on an object? A motion B mass C inertia D weight

16. 2.1 Combining Forces Lesson 1 Review What is the net force acting on a door if one person pushes to the right with a force of 2000 N and a second person pushes with a force of 1500 N to the right? A 3500 N to the right B 3500 N to the left C 500 N to the left D 500 N to the right

17. 2.1 Combining Forces Lesson 1 Review You are riding a bike. In which of the following situations are the forces acting on the bike balanced? A You pedal to speed up. B You turn at constant speed. C You coast to slow down. D You pedal at constant speed.

18. End of Lesson 1

19. 2.2 Types of Forces gravity law of universal gravitation weight friction elastic force tension force compression force normal force

20. 2.2 Types of Forces Which is fundamental force we all know? Predict the forces acting on the object? Gravity is an attractive force between all objects that have mass in the entire UNIVERSE, Also known as Law of Universal Gravitation

21. 2.2 Types of Forces Gravity (cont.) • The ball does not travel in a straight line because of the unbalanced force of gravity acting on it.

22. 2.2 Types of Forces 2. Gravity rules Gravity is stronger when objects are closer Weaker when farther apart The more mass, the more gravity Smaller mass, less gravity F= Gm1m2/r2 (G=6.673x10-11 )

23. 2.2 Types of Forces The Law of Universal Gravitation (cont.) • The gravitational force becomes stronger as either or both objects increase in mass. • The gravitational force becomes weaker as the distance between the objects increases.

24. 2.2 Types of Forces 3. What’s does gravity have to do with Weight and Mass? • NOTE: Mass is the amount of matter in an object and does not change with location. A. Weight is the gravitational force on a object and changeswith location. Where would you weigh less?

25. Question Time 1. Give an example of something that has gravity. 2. What are the two ways to increase the size of the force of gravity? 3. What changes as you get farther from the Earth, mass or weight? 4. What is the formula for speed?

26. 2.2 Types of Forces B. Friction 1. Friction is a force that opposes motion • Matter isn’t smooth, so things get caught on each other Friction increase as motion/force increases! Friction increases with rougher surfaces! Lubricants reduce friction Surface area doesn’t matter! (except fluids)

27. Friction i. Usually friction is present and an unbalancing force must be applied to keep an object moving. • ii. When there is very little friction, objects move with near constant velocity, with NO other forces required

28. 2.2 Types of Forces 2. Static Friction A. Static friction is the force between two surfaces in contact that keeps them from sliding when a force is applied. Keeps things in place! Always a Balanced forces If the object doesn’t move as you push on it with more and more force Then the forces are balanced Which means that static friction increases to match your force on the book

29. 2.2 Types of Forces 2. Sliding Friction • The frictional force that acts on the sliding object is called sliding friction. (duh)

30. 2.2 Types of Forces Sliding Friction (cont.) • The book pushed across the table slows down because of sliding friction. • Without sliding friction, the book would continue moving without a force being applied.

31. 2.2 Types of Forces Friction Other types of Friction: 3. Rolling Friction 4. Fluid Friction (air and water resistance)

32. Question time i. Friction is a force that ______ motion ii. What kind of friction keeps a car from moving when you push on it? iii. What is one way to increase friction? iv. What are the four types of friction?

33. 2.2 Types of Forces C. Elastic Forces 1. An elastic force occurs when a material is stretched or compressed. 3 Types of Elastic Force 1. Tension 2. Compression 3. Normal

34. 2.2 Types of Forces 2. Tension • A tension force is a pulling force exerted by an object when it is stretched, such as a rubber band.

35. 2.2 Types of Forces 3. Compression • A compression force is a pushing force exerted by a material when it is squeezed or compressed. • Compression force always balances the force pushing on it

36. 2.2 Types of Forces 4. Normal Forces A normal force is the force exerted by an object that is perpendicular to the surface of the object.

37. 2.2 Types of Forces Normal Forces (cont.) • The cup is exerting a downward force on the table, caused by gravity. • The table is exerting an upward normal force on the cup, caused by compression.

38. Question time I. What kind of force does a rubber band exert when you stretch it? II. Give an example of a compression force? III. What are elastic forces? IV. What is the “normal” force? V. Why is tension important to a bridge? VI. Why is compression important to a bridge?

39. 2.2 Types of Forces Forces in the Horizontal Direction • Friction balances forces applied in a horizontal direction, usually • Friction equals the horizontal force on an object that is not changing motion.

40. 2.2 Types of Forces Forces in the Vertical Direction • Upward normal force balances the downward force of gravity on an object that is not moving vertically.

41. 2.2 Types of Forces Forces in the Vertical Direction (cont.)

42. 2.2 Types of Forces Lesson 2 Review A(n) ____ force is the force exerted by an object that is perpendicular to the surface of the object. A compression B elastic C normal D tension

43. 2.2 Types of Forces Lesson 2 Review Which force causes a rolling ball to slow down? A sliding friction B static friction C normal force D gravity

44. 2.2 Types of Forces Lesson 2 Review The gravitational force between two objects ____ as ____ increases. A increases; distance B decreases; mass C increases; velocity D decreases; distance

45. End of Lesson 2

46. Chapter Resources Menu Chapter Assessment California Standards Practice Concepts in Motion Image Bank Science Online Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

47. Chapter Assessment 1 If a student pushes a book across a table with a force of 10 N and the force of friction is 2 N, what is the net force on the book? A 0 N B 2 N C 8 N D 12 N

48. Chapter Assessment 2 What would cause an object to have a larger acceleration? A increasing the net force applied B decreasing the net force applied C increasing the mass and keeping the net force constant D none of the above

49. Chapter Assessment 3 What causes a change in motion on an object? A zero net force B unbalanced force C weight D balanced force

50. Chapter Assessment 4 A car is driving at a constant velocity. Which of the following statements is true? A A balanced force keeps it moving. B The car is moving in a circle. C An unbalanced force keeps it moving. D Friction keeps the car moving.