Access to Justice Data Research Data Centres & Real Time Remote Access

1. Access to Justice Data Research Data Centres & Real Time Remote Access Kathy AuCoin Chief Data Access and Data Development August 2013

2. New CANSIM Tables • March 2012 – 45 CANSIM tables • As of July 2013 –100+ CANSIM tables • Civil Courts data tables • Police Resources data tables – municipal level • Detailed Criminal Offences and Crime Severity Index by municipality

3. Additional CANSIM Tables2013/2014 • Legal Aid Data Tables • Additional Police Resources Data • Homicide by region • Intimate partner homicides • Hate Crime and Cybercrime data

4. Justice Files Files currently available in RDC & RTRA • Uniform Crime Reporting Incident Based Survey • Homicide Survey Additional files for RDC/RTRA by 2014-2015 • Hate Crime Supplement • Integrated Criminal Courts Survey

5. Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Incident Based Survey • Measures the incidence of police reported crime in Canada • Close to 100% coverage, national, provincial, CMA and non CMA • UCR generates micro data for the purposes of examining characteristics of victims, accused and incidents

6. UCR Incident Based Survey • Captures data on more than 200 Criminal Code offences • Violent crime • Violations causing death, sexual & physical assaults, robbery, extortion, violations resulting in the deprivation of freedom • Property Crimes • Arson, break & enter, shoplifting, mischief • Other Crimes • Impaired driving, prostitution, possession of weapons, counterfeiting, violations resulting in the deprivation of freedom • Drug Related Crimes • Possession, trafficking, importation, production

7. Uniform Crime Reporting Incident Based Crime Survey • UCR Incident-based survey has 3 main files • Incident file • Accused file • Victim file • Each file can be used independently or they can be linked – depending on the research question. • Significant number of records

8. 5 years of data RDC -- 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 RTRA -- 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Files can be used individually or combined Increases N for small cells NO TREND analysis Population data included to produce rates How many years of data are available?

9. Intimate partner violence Violence against children and youth Youth crime – patterns, characteristics Adult crime – patterns, characteristic Temporal patterns of crime Crimes involving weapons Family verses non-family victimization Potential Research Questions for UCR data

10. Gender differences – Offending Gender differences – Victimization Property crimes, CMA & non-CMA Robbery crimes, CMA & non-CMA Potential Research Questions for UCR data (cont’d)

11. Characteristics of individual incidents, accused or victims will not be disseminated to the public. CCJS has developed confidentiality vetting guidelines specific to the UCR Survey to prevent the disclosure of sensitive information. 3 main steps taken to maintain confidentiality Excluded highly sensitive variables from file Aggregated sensitive response categories Developed disclosure rules Confidentiality Measures for the UCR RDC/RTRA files

12. Variables that identify Name of victim, accused Date of birth Fingerprint identifier of accused Incident file number Variables with unknown or poor data quality Address, postal code, geo-code Aboriginal origin of accused/victim UCR Variables EXCLUDED from RDC/RTRA Files

13. Location school, institution, private dwelling, open area, streets Time and Date of Incident Occupancy indicates whether the victim and accused were living together UCR Variables INCLUDED on the RDC/ RTRA -- Incident Files

14. Geography National, province/territory, CMA and Non CMA Most Serious Weapon Present Clearance Status UCR Variables INCLUDED on the RDC/ RTRA – Incident Files (cont’d)

15. UCR Variables INCLUDED on the RDC/ RTRA – Accused & Victim Files ACCUSED FILE • Age • Sex • Date charges laid VICTIM FILE • Age • Sex • Relationship to the accused • Injury sustained • Weapon causing injury

16. Aggregated Response Categories and Violation • Incident Clearance Status • E.g., death of a complainant, the suicide or death of the accused; accused to a mental hospital. • Incident Time • Researcher must collapse the time into 6-hour intervals. • Sensitive violation codes • Other sexual violations • Terrorism • Homicide

17. Disclosure Risk Scores and Rounding • Produce outputs with confidentiality risk scores that are at or below the acceptable threshold. • RDCs only • If confidentiality risk scores are too high: • Remove potentially sensitive variable(s) from the output to reduce the overall score; and/or • Aggregate potentially sensitive variable(s) from the output to reduce the overall score. • Apply a controlled rounding program applied to the output • Automatically applied to RTRA outputs

18. RDC or RTRA RDC • Modeling, regression analysis • Descriptive analysis of violations with small counts • Confidentiality measures: Disclosure rules, based on scores and a cap or rounding RTRA • Descriptive statistics of offences that are common, large geography (i.e., national and provincial , CMA and non-CMA) • Confidentiality measures: Rounding program (base 5)

19. I Rounding

20. UCR Incident Based SurveyEnd-User Documentation • Developed from police scoring guides • Extremely detailed (403 pages) • User-friendly • Detailed confidentiality guidelines & vetting rules • Scoring guide • Rounding option • Aggregations • SAS coding examples • Variable definitions & descriptions • Many typos!!!!

21. Homicide Survey Files - RDC & RTRA • New pilot starting October 2013 • Second attempt – 2009 pilot cancelled due to insufficient resources • Results from the first pilot were positive • ease of use of data file, documentation and wealth of data/information • However data disclosure rules difficult to implement

22. Homicide Survey Pilot, 2013 • Development of user-friendly disclosure rules to ensure confidentiality of data • Because of small numbers Homicide Survey presents a unique challenge with regard to confidentiality • Approach for disclosure rules similar to UCR

23. Threshold table value: 7 Table scores>7 are not released Maximum number of dimensions: 3 Variables deemed NOT sensitive (score 0): 10-year data National data Sex of victim, accused Homicide Survey Disclosure Rules

24. What kinds of data are available from the Homicide Survey? • Data available from 1961-2011 • 3 Files – Incident, Victim, Accused • Detailed reporting on: • Marital status • Detailed location • Drugs related homicide • Precipitating crime • Alcohol/ drugs consumed (accused or victim) • Apparent motive • Accused-victim relationship • Cause of death

25. Family related homicides Intimate partner homicides Temporal analysis Firearm related homicides CMA and non-CMA analysis Precipitating factors Potential Research Questions for Homicide data

26. Pilot - Hate Crime File • Additional data file which is linked to the UCR Incident-based survey • File available several months after initial data collection • Police services determine if the criminal act was motivated by hate of: • Race, age, sex, religion • Sexual orientation, physical disability • Language, color, nationality, ethnicity

27. Pilot - Integrated Criminal Courts Survey • Administrative records of cases before the courts • Provincial and territorial data • Variables include age, sex of individual before the courts • Count of decisions by charge • Types of decision, (guilty, probation) • Sentencing patterns

28. Research QuestionsIntegrated Criminal Courts Survey • Case processing times • Elapsed time • Efficiency of the justice system

29. Questions?