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HARDWARE THEORY

HARDWARE THEORY. Contents: Product overview UPS principles Basic elements Pulse width modulation UPS and Safety/EMC. Hardware: Pluggables: 400 VA - 1500 VA: MATCH 700 VA & 1000 VA: MATCH long runtime 600 VA - 4000 VA: NetPro 600 VA - 3000 VA: 19” NetPro Installable:

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HARDWARE THEORY

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  1. HARDWARE THEORY • Contents: • Product overview • UPS principles • Basic elements • Pulse width modulation • UPS and Safety/EMC

  2. Hardware: Pluggables: 400 VA - 1500 VA: MATCH 700 VA & 1000 VA: MATCH long runtime 600 VA - 4000 VA: NetPro 600 VA - 3000 VA: 19” NetPro Installable: 3 kVA-10 kVA: D3-11/D10-11 5 kVA-10 kVA: D5-31/D10-31 15 kVA-20 kVA: D15-31/D20-31(new) 8 kVA-30 kVA: Delta-33-xx Interfaces & Cables SNMP/ETHERNET/X25/SPLITTERBOXES Software: Novell: PowerFLAG, Cables & Boards UNIX: PowerFLAG & PowerMON Windows (3.1-NT-‘95): PowerFLAG AS 400: VIC 400 Others: OS 2, Banyan, LAN server Victron Product OverViewUNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS)

  3. PRINCIPLESOFF LINE UPS (LITE AND BALANCE)

  4. boost normal inverter control OUT buck battery AVR relay safety relay PRINCIPLESLINE INTERACTIVE UPS (MATCH) IN

  5. PRINCIPLESON-LINE UPS (NETPRO, D-SERIES, DELTA)

  6. BASIC ELEMENTS

  7. BASIC ELEMENTS • RECTIFIER • Transformer input - isolation (external batt.) • Autotrafo input - less weight • Switched mode input - passive OR active • BATTERIES • Lead - open OR hermetically sealed • NiCad - open OR hermetically sealed (wet/dry) • INVERTER • Step wave lf PWM • Quasi Step Wave hf PWM

  8. PASSIVE ACTIVE p.f. current = 1 p.f. current = 0.6 to 0.9 SWITCHED MODE INPUTS

  9. I peak COMPUTER I rms SMPS UPS U U I I I rms # 1 Amp. I peak = 5 Amps. CREST FACTOR = I peak / I rms = 5 CREST FACTOR

  10. CREST FACTOR

  11. INPUT OUTPUT NO-LOAD COMPUTER LOAD P.F. = 0.6 INDUCTIVE LOAD COS phi = - LAGGING CAPACITIVE LOAD COS phi = + LEADING INPUT/OUPUT CHARACTERISTICS

  12. POWER MOSFET AS SWITCH

  13. IGBTInsulated Gate Bipolar Transistor • Input - like MOS FET • Output - like Transistor • Voltage controlled input • Robust & compact • Switch freq. Max 18kHz (MOS FET 40kHz) • Future designs will have IGBT’s • Same performance characteristics

  14. PULSE WIDTH MODULATIONBASIC ELEMENTS SWITCHINGFREQUENCY 20-40kHz

  15. WHY PULSE WIDTH MODULATION?

  16. WHY PULSE WIDTH MODULATION? • HIGH SWITCHING FREQUENCY • FAST CONTROL LOOP • EXCELLENT DYNAMIC STABILITY • VERY COMPACT DESIGN • LESS MAGNETICS • HIGH EFFICIENCY • POWER MOSFET TRANSISTORS • NO LF FILTERING • EASY SERVICING • ONE BOARD DESIGN • QUICK REPLACEMENT

  17. PWM : THE H-BRIDGE

  18. PWM CONTROL PRINCIPLESOPEN LOOP

  19. PWM CONTROL PRINCIPLESCLOSED LOOP

  20. UPS and Safety EMC and SAFETY • STANDARDS FOR: • DOMESTIC, OFFICE AND LIGHT INDUSTRY: • WORLDIEC 950 • EUROPE EN 60950 • STANDARD FOR: • UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY • EUROPEAN STANDARD FOR UPS:EN 50091-1 • (Contents: EN 60950 + typical UPS-safety matters + harmonic mains currents)

  21. UPS and Safety / EMCELECTROMAGN. COMPATIBILITY • EMC directive 89/336/EEC • EMISSION: IMMUNITY: • EN 50081 EN 50082 • EN 55022 IEC 801-* • IEC 555-2 • European standard for EMC OF UPS:EN 50091-2 • (Contents: specific standards for emission: EN 55022 + IEC 555-2 and immunity: IEC 801)

  22. UPS and Safety/EMC-SIGN(for conformity with the EMC and Safety - rules) • now mandantory for EMC and safety • according to EN 50091 • Factory Declaration • Product Documentation • Product Identification • Certificates • Test Reports • Sometimes : Declaration of Identity • : Special documents

  23. UPS and SafetyEMC UPS DESIGN • List of basic requirements • Performance Safety • EMC Price level • Fundamental design • Prototype • pre-license safety and EMC tests • First production • Official safety and EMC tests

  24. UPS and Safety / EMC • TESTINSTITUTES • (Starlab qualified bodies) • SAFETY: KEMA - Organisation • EMC: KEMA - Organisation

  25. UPS PROTECTIONMAINS FAILURES • 90% OF FAILURES ARE: • SAGS IMPULSES OUTAGES • NOISE OVERVOLTAGE • UPS FILTERS/BLOCKS/REGULATES AND INTERCEPTS • 10% OF FAILURES ARE: • TOTAL ABSENCE OF MAINS POWER • A UPS DELAYS THIS TOTAL ABSENCE

  26. UPS PROTECTIONCOMPUTER INTERFACE • DATA EXCHANGE BETWEENUPS AND COMPUTER IS A MUST • INTERFACE DATA: • MAINS AVAILABLE BATTERY LOW • BYPASS ACTIVE GENERAL ALARM • UPS OFF SERIAL PORT (PNP)

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