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De Franse Revolutie “Bourgeois “ Fase: 1789-1792

De Franse Revolutie “Bourgeois “ Fase: 1789-1792. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity…

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De Franse Revolutie “Bourgeois “ Fase: 1789-1792

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  1. De Franse Revolutie “Bourgeois “ Fase: 1789-1792 Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

  2. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… -- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities

  3. De FranseMonarchie:1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

  4. Marie Antoinette en de KoninklijkeKinderen

  5. Marie Antoinette’s“Le Hameau”

  6. Marie Antoinette’s“Le Hameau”

  7. The Necklace Scandal 1,600,000 livres[$100 million today] • Cardinal Louis René Édouard de Rohan • The Countess de LaMotte

  8. Laatzedan cake eten! • Marie Antoinette heeftditnooitgezegd! • “Madame Deficit” • “De Oostenrijkse hoer”

  9. Sociaal-Economischegegevens1789

  10. De armen in de stad

  11. Financieleproblemen in Frankrijk 1789 • Urban Commoner’sBudget: • Food 80% • Rent 25% • Tithe 10% • Taxes 35% • Clothing 20% • TOTAL 170% • King’s Budget: • Interest 50% • Army 25% • Versailles 25% • Coronation 10% • Loans 25% • Admin. 25% • TOTAL 160%

  12. Fransebegroting1774

  13. Waar is het belastinggeld?

  14. Lettres de Cachet • De Fransekoningkonmensengevangenzetten via a brief met zijnzegel. • Carte-blanche • KardinaalFleurygaf 80,000 van dez e brievenuit ten tijde van Lodewijk XV! • Afgeschaft in 1790.

  15. Ancien Regime1789

  16. Stemmen in de NationaleVergadering Clergy 1st Estate 1 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 1 1 Commoners 3rd Estate LodewijkXIV wildedatditsysteem in tact

  17. De NationaleVergaderingwildestemmen per hoofd! Clergy 1st Estate 300 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 300 648 Commoners 3rd Estate

  18. Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes 1stWatis derdestand?Alles! 2ndWat was de derde stand tot nu toe?Niets! 3rdWateist de derde de derde stand? Ietstezijn! Abbé Sieyès1748-1836

  19. Bijeenkomst van de Staten-Generaal Mei, 1789 De laatstekeer was dezebijeengekomen in 1614!

  20. “De Derde Stand wordtwakker” • De Derde stand riepzichuit tot de vertegenwoordigers van de natie • Zijnoemdenzichzelf de NationaleVergaderingvan Frankrijk.

  21. “De eed in de kaatsbaan”doorJacques Louis David 20 juni1789

  22. Europaaan de vooravond van de FranseRevolutie

  23. De bestorming van de Bastille, 14 Juli 1789 • 18 doden. • 73 gewonden. • 7 bewakersgedood. • Erwaren 7 gevangenen[5 gewonemisdadigers en 2 gekken].

  24. De grote angst: Eenboerenopstand (July 20, 1789) • Ergingengeruchtendat de defeodaleaistocratiehuur-troepenstuurdeom de boerenaantevallen en hun land teplunderen.

  25. ‘De grote angst”

  26. Nachtelijkebijeenkomst 4 augustus 1789 • Voor de nachtvoorbij was: • Was het feodalesysteemafgeschaft. • VielenalleFransen, tenminste in principe, onderdezelfdewetten en dezelfdebelastingen en warenzijgelijkelijkverkiesbaar. Equality & Meritocracy!

  27. NationaleConstituerendeVergadering1789 - 1791 Liberté! Egalité! Fraternité! August Decreten 4-11 augustus1789 (afzweren van aristocratische privileges!)

  28. BUT . . . . . • Feudal dues were not renounced outright [this had been too strong a threat to the principle of private property!] • Peasants would compensate their landlords through a series of direct payments for obligations from which they had supposedly been freed. • Therefore, the National Assembly made revolutionary gestures, but remained essentially moderate. Their Goal Safeguard the right of private property!!

  29. The Tricolor (1789) The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris. Citizen!

  30. De Tricoloreis de Mode!

  31. De “Vrijheidsmuts”: Bonne Rouge

  32. RevolutionairSymbolen Cockade Liberté La Republic Revolutionary Clock

  33. Revolutionary Playing Cards

  34. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 26, 1789 • Liberty! • Property! • Resistance to oppression! • Thomas Jefferson was in Paris at this time.

  35. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Posed New Dilemmas Did women have equal rights with men? What about free blacks in the colonies? How could slavery be justified if all men were born free? Did religious toleration of Protestants and Jews include equal political rights?

  36. March of the Women,October 5-6, 1789 A spontaneous demonstration of Parisian women for bread. We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy!

  37. The “October Days” (1789) The king was thought to be surrounded by evil advisors at Versailles so he was forced to move to Paris and reside at the Tuileries Palace.

  38. Planting the Tree of Liberty 1790

  39. Sir Edmund Burke (1790):Reflections on the Revolution in France The conservative response to the French Revolution

  40. How to Finance the New Govt.?1.Confiscate Church Lands (1790) One of the most controversial decisions of the entire revolutionary period.

  41. 2. Print Assignats • Issued by the National Constituent Assembly. • Interest-bearing notes which had the church lands as security.

  42. Depreciation of the Assignat • Whoever acquired them were entitled to certain privileges in the purchase of church land. • The state would retire the notes as the land was sold. • They began circulating as paper currency. • Government printed more  INFLATION [they lost 99% of their value ultimately]. • Therefore, future governments paid off their creditors with cheap money.

  43. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy July 12,1790 Juryingvs.Non-Jurying[refractory]Clergy The oath of allegiance permanently divided the Catholic population!

  44. New Relations Between Church & State • Government paid the salaries of the French clergy and maintained the churches. • The church was reorganized: • Parish priests  elected by the district assemblies. • Bishops  named by the department assemblies. • The pope had NO voice in the appointment of the French clergy. • It transformed France’sRoman Catholic Churchinto a branch of the state!! Pope Pius VI[1775-1799]

  45. Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791

  46. The French Constitution of 1791: A Bourgeois Government • The king got the “suspensive” veto [which prevented the passage of laws for 4 years]. • He could not pass laws. • His ministers were responsible for their own actions. • A permanent, elected, single chamber National Assembly. • Had the power to grant taxation. • An independent judiciary.

  47. The French Constitution of 1791: A Bourgeois Government • “Active” Citizen [who pays taxes amounting to 3 days labor] could vote vs. “Passive” Citizen. • 1/3 of adult males were denied the franchise. • Domestic servants were also excluded. • A newly elected LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. GOAL Make sure that the country was not turned over to the mob!

  48. 83 RevolutionaireDepartementen 26 Februari1790

  49. De koninklijkefamilieprobeerttevluchten • Juni1791 • Geholpen door de Zweedsegraaf Hans Axel von Fusen [Marie Antoinette’s lover]. • Richting de Luxemburgsegrens. • De koningwerdherkend in Varennes, vlakbij de grens

  50. Olympe de Gouges (1745-1793) • Women played a vital role in the Revolution. • But, The Declaration of the Rights of Man did NOT extend the rights and protections of citizenship to women. Declaration of the Rights of Womanand of the Citizen (1791)

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