Discovering the Internet Complete Concepts and Techniques

1. Discovering the Internet Complete Concepts and Techniques Chapter 1: Into the Internet

2. Objectives • Define the Internet • Describe how the Internet is used • Discuss the history of the Internet and the World Wide Web • Describe how individuals and businesses connect to the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet

3. Defining the Internet • The Internet is a worldwide network of computers that allows individual and business users to share information and other resources • The Internet is an interconnected network of networks where each Internet host has a number of other computers connected to it • Users who connect to the Internet to access information are online Chapter 1: Into the Internet

4. The Internet is a worldwide network of networks. Chapter 1: Into the Internet

5. Using the Internet • The Internet has profoundly changed nearly every aspect of life by revolutionizing how individuals and businesses: • Access information and electronic files • Communication personally and professionally • Shop for products and services • Share resources Chapter 1: Into the Internet

6. People use the Internet for many different purposes. Chapter 1: Into the Internet

7. Using the Internet (continued) • Who uses the Internet? • Students • Business professionals • Homemakers • Retirees • Hobbyists • Consumers • Health care professionals Chapter 1: Into the Internet

8. Using the Internet (continued) • Internet Activities • Browsing and searching for information on the World Wide Web • Communicating with others via e-mail, chat, newsgroups, and mailing lists • Downloading and uploading files • Logging on to remote computers • Conducting business activities • Social Networking Chapter 1: Into the Internet

9. Using the Internet (continued) • Internet Activities • World Wide Web (WWW or Web) • Web pages – created using HTML or Web authoring software connected by hyperlinks • Web site – groups of related Web pages • College, university, corporate, retail, non-profit, personal • Web server – computer on which Web pages are stored • Web browser – software used to view Web pages • Browsing or surfing the Web Chapter 1: Into the Internet

10. Web sites include college and university, corporate, retail, non-profit, and personal sites. Chapter 1: Into the Internet

11. Web pages are connected by text or graphic hyperlinks. Chapter 1: Into the Internet

12. Using the Internet (continued) • Internet activities • Search tools – Web-based resource to help find specific information on the Web Chapter 1: Into the Internet

13. Using the Internet (continued) • Internet activities • E-mail – sending messages and files over a local computer network or the Internet • Instant messaging – exchanging brief real-time messages with others on the Internet • Chat – real-time online discussions between two or more individuals • Mailing lists – online newsletters • Newsgroups – online bulletin boards Chapter 1: Into the Internet

14. Using the Internet (continued) • Internet activities • Downloading and uploading files – using FTP to send or retrieve electronic files from a server • Music, video, data • Logging on to a remote computer – using Telnet to log on to a remote computer to use its computing power Chapter 1: Into the Internet

15. FTP is used to download and upload files. Chapter 1: Into the Internet

16. Using the Internet (continued) • Internet activities • Conducting business activities • E-commerce • E-business models • B2C • B2B • B2E • C2C B2C B2B B2E C2C Chapter 1: Into the Internet

17. History of the Internet • Origins in ARPANET • Department of Defense founded ARPA to promote computer and scientific research (1958) • J.C.R. Licklider headed computer and information research (1962) • Leonard Kleinrock developed packet switching (1966) • ARPANET – prototype network connecting ARPA and university research centers (1969) • Growth and Development • Ray Tomlinson developed e-mail (1971) Chapter 1: Into the Internet

18. History of the Internet • Growth and Development • Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed standard or protocol for communications over a network TCP and IP (1972) • Beyond Research, To the Public • NSFnet replaced ARPANET (1985) • Congress authorized commercial activity on the NSFnet (1992) • NSFnet moved connections to commercial network providers (1995) Chapter 1: Into the Internet

19. The AT&T Backbone. Chapter 1: Into the Internet

20. History of the Internet • The Beginnings and Rise of the Web • Gopher at University of Minnesota Chapter 1: Into the Internet

21. History of the Internet • The Beginnings and Rise of the Web • Tim Berners-Lee (1991) • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) • First Web browser and Web server • Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina (1993) • MOSAIC browser • Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark (1994) • Netscape Communications and Netscape Navigator browser Chapter 1: Into the Internet

22. Berners-Lee’s original WorldWideWeb browser and HTML documents. Chapter 1: Into the Internet

23. Connecting to the Internet • Connection Methods • Dial-up – home computers using standard telephone lines and modem to access the Internet Chapter 1: Into the Internet

24. Connecting to the Internet • Connection Methods • Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) – home computers and businesses using an “always on” high-speed Internet connection over standard telephone lines • Broadband transmission splitting telephone wire into data and voice • Requires firewall protection to prevent intrusion by outsiders Chapter 1: Into the Internet

25. Connecting to the Internet • Connection Methods • Cable – home computers and businesses can use an “always on” high-speed Internet connection over the same cable lines as cable television • Cable modem and line splitter to divide television signals from data signals • Requires firewall protection to prevent intrusion by outsiders Chapter 1: Into the Internet

26. Connecting to the Internet (continued) • Connection Methods • Fixed wireless connections: • Satellite – One way or Two way Chapter 1: Into the Internet

27. Connecting to the Internet (continued) • Connection Methods • Fixed wireless connections: • Microwave – line-of-sighttransmission Chapter 1: Into the Internet

28. Connecting to the Internet (continued) • Connection Methods • Mobile Wireless – wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies for notebooks that need to connect to a network • Wireless access point – hardware that connects wireless devices to a network • Hotspot – specific geographic location in which a wireless access point provides public Internet access Chapter 1: Into the Internet

29. Connecting to the Internet (continued) • Connection Methods • Mobile Wireless • GSM/GPRS card installed in a computer to allow it to connect to a wireless network • Cell phones, PDAs, tablet PCs can connect to the Internet • High-Speed Business Connections • Businesses typically use high-speed fiber-optic cable such as a T1 line connected to their local area network to provide Internet access to employees Chapter 1: Into the Internet

30. Connecting to the Internet (continued) • Internet Service Providers (ISPs) • Considerations for choosing an ISP include: • Speed of connection • Type of connection and cost of service • Availability of customer service and technical support Chapter 1: Into the Internet

31. Chapter Review • The Internet is a worldwide network of networks • The Internet allows individuals to communicate, access information, and purchase products and services from online stores or other individuals • Businesses use the Internet and the Web to conduct a variety of business transactions Chapter 1: Into the Internet

32. Chapter Review (continued) • People of all ages and interests use the Internet for school, work, hobbies, and personal enrichment • Browse the Web • Search the Web for specific information • Send e-mail or participate in mailing lists, newsgroups, and online chat • Upload and download files Chapter 1: Into the Internet

33. Chapter Review (continued) • The Internet has its origins in ARPANET, a research network developed by ARPA under the auspices of the Department of Defense • Scientists developed and used packet switching technologies and the TCP and IP protocols that allow communications over and between networks Chapter 1: Into the Internet

34. Chapter Review (continued) • Some scientists instrumental in the development of early network technologies • J. C. R. Licklider – concept of Internet • Leonard Kleinrock – packet switching • Robert Kahn – TCP and IP protocols • Vinton Cerf – TCP and IP protocols • Ray Tomlinson – e-mail Chapter 1: Into the Internet

35. Chapter Review (continued) • The Web is a subset of the Internet consisting of Web pages containing text and multimedia content • Related Web pages are grouped together in a Web site • Web pages are stored on a Web server • Web pages are viewed with a Web browser • Web pages are linked together via hyperlinks • Tim Berners-Lee is the “father” of the Web Chapter 1: Into the Internet

36. Chapter Review (continued) • The National Science Foundation (NSF) developed NSFnet to replace ARPANET • NSF turned research and commercial portions of NSFnet over to commercial network providers creating the Internet as we know it today Chapter 1: Into the Internet

37. Chapter Review (continued) • Home computers can be connected to the Internet via • Dial-up telephone access • DSL high-speed telephone access • Cable access • DSL and cable access are “always on” connections • Should be protected by a firewall Chapter 1: Into the Internet

38. Chapter Review (continued) • Businesses require high speeds and large capacity lines such as T1, T3, or other fiber-optic connections from local area network to their Internet Service Provider (ISP) • When choosing an ISP, key considerations include the cost of the equipment and monthly subscription, as well as the connection speed Chapter 1: Into the Internet

39. Chapter 1 Complete Chapter 1: Into the Internet