1 / 19

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children. Chapter 19. Structure and Function of the Nervous System in Children. Develops from a dorsal thickening of the ectoderm (neural plate) Neural groove and folds Neural tube Neural crest Mesoderm

illias
Download Presentation

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Chapter 19

  2. Structure and Function of the Nervous System in Children • Develops from a dorsal thickening of the ectoderm (neural plate) • Neural groove and folds • Neural tube • Neural crest • Mesoderm • Blood vessels, microglial cells, dural and arachnoid layers of the meninges, the capsule of some peripheral nerve endings, and nerve coverings

  3. Structure and Function of the Nervous System in Children • Sulcus limitans • Basal plate • Alar plate • Sutures • Fontanelles • Myelin sheath

  4. Structure and Function of the Nervous System in Children

  5. Structure and Function of the Nervous System in Children

  6. Structural Malformations • Defects of neural tube closure • Anencephaly • Encephalocele • Meningocele • Myelomeningocele • Arnold-Chiari type II malformation • Tethered cord syndrome

  7. Structural Malformations

  8. Axial Skeleton Malformations • Spinal bifida occulta • Vertebral defect that allows the protrusion of the neural tube contents • Cranial deformities • Acrania • Craniosynostosis • Microcephaly • Congenital hydrocephalus • Macewen sign (“cracked-pot” sign)

  9. Axial Skeleton Malformations

  10. Encephalopathies • Static encephalopathies • Cerebral palsy • Static cerebral palsy • Dyskinetic cerebral palsy • Ataxic cerebral palsy

  11. Encephalopathies • Inherited metabolic disorders • Defects in amino acid metabolism • Phenylketonuria (PKU) • Hyperphenylalaninemia • Defects in lipid metabolism • Lysosomal storage diseases • Tay-Sachs disease

  12. Seizure Disorders • Epilepsy • Partial seizures • Generalized seizures • Unclassified epileptic seizures • Infantile spasms • Lennox-Gastaut syndrome • Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy • Status epilepticus • Benign febrile seizures

  13. Acute Encephalopathies • Reye syndrome • Meningitis • Bacterial meningitis • Viral meningitis

  14. Children and HIV • HIV infections in children • Perinatally through the placenta • Exposure to infected maternal blood and vaginal secretions • Postpartum ingestion of breast milk

  15. Cerebrovascular Disease • Cerebrovascular disease in children differs in adults in three ways: • Absence of predisposing factors • Differences in the clinical response • Anatomic site of the pathologic condition • Occlusive cerebrovascular disease • Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease

  16. Childhood Tumors • Brain tumors • Medulloblastoma • Ependymoma • Astrocytoma • Brainstem glioma • Optic nerve glioma

  17. Childhood Brain Tumors

  18. Childhood Tumors • Embryonal tumors • Neuroblastoma • Retinoblastoma

  19. Childhood Tumors

More Related