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Software Engineering. Week 4 – Planning & Managing Projects #1. A.A. Gde Bagus Ariana , S.T. gungariana@yahoo.com http://gungariana.wordpress.com. Content. Management activities Project planning Project scheduling Critical Path Method (CPM)
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SoftwareEngineering Week 4 – Planning & Managing Projects #1 A.A. GdeBagusAriana, S.T. gungariana@yahoo.com http://gungariana.wordpress.com
Content • Management activities • Project planning • Project scheduling • Critical Path Method (CPM) • Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
WHY??? Software project management • Ensuring that software is delivered on time and on schedule • Software development is always subject to budget and schedule constraints
Management Activities • Proposal writing. • Project planning and scheduling. • Project costing. • Project monitoring and reviews. • Personnel selection and evaluation. • Report writing and presentations.
Project planning • Probably the most time-consuming project management activity. • Continuous activity from initial concept through to system delivery. Plans must be regularly revised as new information becomes available.
Types of project plan Quality Plan Describes the quality procedures and standards that will be used in a project. Validation Plan Describes the approach, resources and schedule used for system validation. Configuration Management Plan Describes the configuration management procedures and structures to be used. Maintenance Plan Predicts the maintenance requirements of the system, maintenance costs and effort required. Staff Development Plan Describes how the skills and experience of the project team members will be developed.
Activity organization • Activities in a project should be organised to produce tangible outputs for management to judge progress. • Milestones are the end-point of a process activity. • Deliverables are project results delivered to customers. • The waterfall process allows for the straightforward definition of progress milestones.
Project scheduling • Split project into tasks and estimate time and resources required to complete each task. • Organize tasks concurrently to make optimal use of workforce. • Minimize task dependencies to avoid delays caused by one task waiting for another to complete. • Dependent on project managers intuition and experience.
STEP 1 ACTIVITY 1.1 ACTIVITY 1.2 ACTIVITY 1.3 : PHASE 1 STEP 2 : ACTIVITY 2.1 ACTIVITY 2.2 ACTIVITY 3.3 : STEP 1 PROJECT PHASE 2 STEP 2 : STEP 1 PHASE n STEP 2 : Anatomy of a Project
Scheduling problems • Estimating the difficulty of problems and hence the cost of developing a solution is hard. • Productivity is not proportional to the number of people working on a task. • Adding people to a late project makes it later because of communication overheads. • The unexpected always happens. Always allow contingency in planning.
Bar charts and activity networks • Graphical notations used to illustrate the project schedule. • Show project breakdown into tasks. Tasks should not be too small. They should take about a week or two. • Activity charts show task dependencies and the critical path. • Bar charts show schedule against calendar time.
Project Personnel • Have to consider workforce • Role • Ability • Experience etc… • Task not performed by the same person • Dependent on: • Project size • Staff expertise & experience • Decide roles decide type of people
Work Styles • Extrovert tells others his thoughts • Introvert asks others for suggestions • Intuitive base decisions on feelings & emotions • Rational examine facts & carefully considering all options
Work Styles • Rational extroverts • Assert their ideas • Not let “gut feeling” affect their decision • Based on logic & not emotions • Rational introverts • Avoid emotional decisions • Willing to consider all possible courses of action
Work Styles • Intuitive extroverts • Based on emotional reaction • Want to tell others about them • No asking of input • Intuitive introverts • Creative • Applies it after lengthy analysis & findings
Project Personnel INTUITIVE Intuitive IntrovertIntuitive Extrovert Asks Others Tell Others Acknowledge feelings Acknowledge feelings Rational Introvert Rational Extrovert Asks Others Tells Others Decides logically Decides logically EXTROVERT INTROVERT RATIONAL
Critical Path Method • Analysing paths among milestones • Find out minimum completion time • Outlines critical activities • Allows estimation of real time/actual time • estimated amount of time required for the activity to be completed. • Allows identification of available time • amount of time available in the schedule for the activity’s completion • Deterministic method that uses a fixed time estimate for each activity
PERT • Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) • network model that allows for randomness in activity completion times • Network of boxes (activities) & arrows (dependencies) • Boxes can be used as milestones • Critical path similar meaning to CPM
Tugas • Membuat Resume ttg CPM dan PERT, tulistangandikertas double folio, bahasaindonesia yang baikdanbenar. • Untukmahasiswa yang mengambil RPL hariSenin, berikutadalahreferensiuntuktugas: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdDzybQ_9vM • Referensi lain yang berbahasaindonesia yang relevan. • Buattugasdengansebaik-baiknya. • Kumpul : 15 Oktober 2012, tidakadatoleransiketerlambatan. (jikatidakbisahadirkarenasakit/ijin, titipkepadateman)