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MCTS: Configuring Windows 7(70-680)

MCTS: Configuring Windows 7(70-680). Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Configuring IPv6. Lesson 2 Objectives. Identify the various types of IPv6 addresses and explain their use. Describe the advantages of IPv6 and how these are achieved. Identify IPv6 addresses that can be routed on the IPv4 Internet.

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MCTS: Configuring Windows 7(70-680)

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  1. MCTS: Configuring Windows 7(70-680) Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Configuring IPv6

  2. Lesson 2 Objectives • Identify the various types of IPv6 addresses and explain their use. • Describe the advantages of IPv6 and how these are achieved. • Identify IPv6 addresses that can be routed on the IPv4 Internet. • Implement IPv4 and IPv6 interoperability. • Troubleshoot IPv6 Connectivity

  3. IPv6 Address Syntax • Divided into 16 bit boundaries, each 16 bit block is converted into a 4-digit hexadecimal number. • Colons : are used as separators • 21cd:0053:0000:0000:03ad:003f:af37:8d62 • 21cd53::3ad:3f:af37:8d62 • (compressed number by removing contigous blocks of 0’s with :: and 0’s in front of a number can be removed.

  4. 3 Types of IPv6 Addresses • Unicast- Identifies a single interface within the scope of the unicast address type. Packets addressed to a unicast address are delivered to a single interface • Multicast-Identifies multiple interfaces. Packets addressed to a multicast address are delivered to allinterfaces, that are identified by the address. Multi cast addresses start with ff • Anycast-Identifies multiple interfaces. Packets addressed to an anycast address are delivered to the nearest interface identified by the address. The nearest interface is the closest in terms of routing distance or number of hops. One to many communication, with delivery to a single interface. Are assigned only to routers.

  5. IPv6 Unicast Addresses • Global-are the IPv6 equivalent of IPv4 public addresses and are globally routable and reachable on the IPv6 internet • Link-local –are the equivalent to IPv4 addresses allocated through Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA). Always begin with fe8 • Site-local are equivalent to IPv4 private addresses. Private Intranets that do not have a direct, routed connection to the IPv6 Internet can use site local addresses. Begin with fec0 • Special Addresses- There are two: 1) Unspecified address :: is used to indicate the absence of an address, is equivalent to IPv4 unspecified address 0.0.0.0 2)The loopback address ::1 is used to identify a loopback interface and is equivalent to IPv4 loop back address 127.0.0.1

  6. The advantages of IPv6 • Increased Address Space • Automatic address Configuration- supports both stateful and stateless address configuration • Network level Security-IPv6makes IPSec mandatory • Real Time Data Delivery-payloadencryption does not affect Quality of Servie(QoS) • Routing Table Size-reduced routing table size • Header Size and Extension Header-IPv6 header is small and practical. Non essential and optional fields are moved after the IPv6 header • Removal of Broadcast Traffic-IPv6 Neighbour Discovery protocol replaces ARP broadcasts, ICMPv4 Router Discovery and ICMPv4 Redirect Messages with efficient multicast and unicast messages.

  7. Address Resolution • ND Protocol resolves IPv6 addresses to MAC addresses. • 64 bit portion of an IPv6 address is derived from the MAC address of the network adapter. • Resolution of IPv6 addresses are done through DNS (except link-local addresses) • Computer Name and IPv6 address pair are stored in the AAAA (Quad-A) DNS resource record, which is the equivalent to an A or host record for IPv4.

  8. IPv4 to IPv6 Compatibility • Ipv4-Compatibile address ::w.x.y.z is used by dual stack nodes that are communicating with IPv6 over an IPv4 infrastructure. W.x.y.z-represents the IPv4 address • IPv4-Mapped Address ::fff:w.x.y.z is used to represent an IPv4 only node to an Ipv6 node. Allows IPv4 devices that are not compatible with IPv6 addresses to work. • 6to4 address enable packets to be transmitted over an IPv4 network (generally the IPv4 internet) 6to4 addresses start with 2002 • Teredo Addresses consist of a 32-bit Teredo prefix, this is 2001::/32. Teredo Address starts with 2001 • Intra-Site Automatic Tunnelling Addressing Protocol (ISATAP) address – IPv6 can use ISATAP address to communicate between nodes over an IPv4 Internet. ISATAP addresses start with 5efe followed by an ip address in either dotted decimal or hexadecimal format

  9. Implementing IPv6 to IPv4 Compatibility • Can be implemented using the IPv6 tools • Netsh interface ipv6 • Netsh interface ipv6 isatap • Netsh interface ipv6 add v6v4tunnel

  10. Configuring IPv6 Connectivity • These tools have full IPv6 compatibility • Ping • Ipconfig • Pathping • Tracert • Netstat • Route • IpV6 specific tools are provided by the Netsh command. E.g. netsh interface ipv6 show neighbors

  11. Connectivity Cont’d • Verifying IPv6 configuration and connectivity use command Ipconfig/all • To only display IPv6 interface use command netsh interface ipv6 show address • After an Ipv6 address you will see a % sign. This is the interface ID. • To find a site ID for an enterprise network use: netsh interface ipv6 show address level=verbose

  12. Configuring IPv6 Interfaces • Most IPv6 addresses are configured through auto configuration or DHCPv6 • Manual Entry of IPv6 addresses can be done using Netsh command or the TCP/IPv6 GUI

  13. Verify IPv6 Connectivity • Run all commands as administrator • First flush neighbor cache using the command netsh interface ipv6 delete neighbors • Test connectivity to a local host using the PING command • Check connectivity to a remote network using Netsh interface ipv6 show destination cache • Check connectivity to the default router interface on your local subnet using Ipconfig, Netsh interface ipv6 show routers, or Route print command. • Tracert-d command to display the routing path.

  14. Lesson 2 Review What type of unicast IPv6 address would you typically use on the subnets of a private network to implement IPv6 connectivity over the subnet? A . Site-local address B. Link-local address C . Special address D. Anycast address

  15. Lesson 2 Review You are analyzing the configuration of an IPv6 network. Which of the following addresses can be used across the IPv6 Internet and is the equivalent of an IPv4 unicast public address? A . fec0:0:0:0:fffe::1 B. 21cd:53::3ad:3f:af37:8d62 C . fe80:d1ff:d166:7888:2fd6 D. ::1

  16. Lesson 2 Review You are using Network Monitor to analyze traffic on an IPv6 network. You want to examine the protocol that uses ICMPv6 messages to manage the interaction of neighboring nodes and resolves IPv6 addresses to hardware (MAC) addresses. What protocol do you examine? A . ARP B. DNS C . DHCPv6 D. ND

  17. Lesson 2 Review You are examining transition technologies on a network and want to identify the IPv4-to-IPv6 compatibility addresses being used. Which of the following is a Teredo address? A . 2001::0a0a:1efe:e866:efff:f5ff:ebfe B. 2002:c058:6301:: C . fe80::5efe:0a00:028f D. fec0:0:0:0:fffe::1

  18. Lesson 2 Summary • IPv6 supports unicast, multicast and anycast addresses. Unicast can be global, site-local, link-local or special. • IPv6 is fully supported in Windows 7 and addresses the problems such as lack of space that are associated with IPv4 • IPv6 is designed to be backward compatible and you can specify IPv4 addresses such as teredo and 6to4 addresses. • Tools to configure and troubleshoot IPv6 include Ping, Ipconfig, Tracert, Pathping and Netsh • You can configure IPv6 by usingthe TCP/IPv6 properties GUI. You can also use the Netsh interface ipv6 commands to configure IPv6 settings

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