Mucha-Shim Q. Arquiza

1. Bangsamoro Civil Society: Multistakeholders & Partners in Building Constituency-responsive Governance Mucha-Shim Q. Arquiza Lumah Ma Dilaut Center for Living Traditions Asian Muslim Action Network in the Philippines Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

2. Context & Assumptions: • Multicontextual & multisectoral Mindanao-Sulu as historical & development processes; IKSPs • Lessons from the failed peacetalks and MOA-AD • Bangsamoro governance, national & international governance and politics • Erosion of world hegemony & rise of pluralism and multiculturalism Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

3. The leadership & government The constituency & the governed Governance Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

4. Kadatuan & karaja-an (economic & political elites) Kapanglimahan (traditional leaders & elders) Kabanuwahan (grassroot constituencies) Early Moro Governance Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

5. Indo-malayu indigenous political structures Sultanate – Middle Eastern Arab influence Early Moro Governance Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

6. Clan and blood-line as basis of constituency Indigenous value of mar’tabbat Islam-based or religion-inspired sara’ agama Participatory and constituency-responsive Early Moro Governance Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

7. Stewardship, trustee-ship Leadership as social obligation, not for prestige or status Seniority & moral ascendancy of leaders Pamarinta A’dilJust & equitable governance Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

8. Pamarinta A’dilJust & equitable governance Allah doth command you to render back your Trusts to those to whom they are due; And when ye judge between man and man, that ye judge with justice: Verily how excellent is the teaching which He giveth you! For Allah is He Who heareth and seeth all things. [1] [1] Surah An-Nisa 4:58 “The Glorious Qur’an” Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

9. Pagnakura’ a’hatul Just & fair rule Listens to and acts on constituents’ interests Respects & protects the haqq of the people Kapatutan manusiya’ (civil & political rights)is a fardh, a social obligation (i.e. not individual entitlement) “Verily, the leader among you is the vicegerent of Allah on that community; he shall protect the rights of the wronged among the populace. If the leader judges justly he will receive the reward of Allah and the people should be grateful for it. While if the leader judges unjustly, he is sure to receive the Wrath from Allah and the people must be enduring and patient (Hadith) Pamarinta A’dilJust & equitable governance Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

10. Pagmunda’ a’bontol Righteous governance As Servant-leadership Is Moral; angentan pag’martabbat Has strong eeman In Halal ways & means Pamarinta A’dilJust & equitable governance Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

11. (The Muslim leaders are) those who, if We establish them in the land, establish regular prayer and give regular charity, enjoin the right and forbid wrong: with Allah rests the end (and decision) of (all) affairs. [2] [2] Surah Al Hajj 22:41 Pamarinta A’dilJust & equitable governance Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

12. FAIR & RIGHTEOUS LEADERSHIP is only half of the equation of Pamarinta a’dil. Complementing constituency-responsive governance is the multi-stakeholders’ PARTICIPATION Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

13. Specialized, organized, interest-groups and constituencies: Women The students, youth and children Professionals, academic,intellectuals Religious & faith leaders Working class & farmers Urban poor RaayatThe Civil Society Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

14. “Voice of the people” = representative not replacement Voice of the critical mass of the people Building constituency Arriving at consensus RaayatThe Civil Society Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

15. Those who hearken to their Lord, and establish regular Prayer; who (conduct) their affairs by mutual Consultation; who spend out of what We bestow on them for Sustenance; [3] [3] Sura Ash-Shura 42:38 The Glorious Qur’an RaayatThe Civil Society Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

16. Consultations & consensus-building through Pagbissala (i.e. shura) People’s congress; consultative assemblies; multistakeholders’ conferences; peoples’ meetings (pulong-pulong) RaayatThe Civil Society Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

17. Shura = done in most gentlest of words and kindest of manners RaayatThe Civil Society But indeed if any show patience and forgive, that would truly be an exercise of courageous will and resolution in the conduct of affairs. [4] [4] Surah As-Shura 42:43 Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

18. Contemporary Bangsamoro civil society experience: Martial Law justice and peace groups Muslim-Christian understanding Moro Human rights defenders & monitoring groups Alternative development (integrated and area-based sustainable development) RaayatThe Civil Society Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

19. Traditional Civil Society Karatuan,karaja-an = eco. & pol. Elites Kahadji-an = religious, intellectuals & learned Kapanglimahan, kamatto’ahan, kanakuraan = traditional leaders and community elders Kabanuwahan = grassroot; ordinary citizens RaayatThe Civil Society Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

20. RaayatThe Civil Society • Post-Martial Law • Moro Human rights defenders & monitoring groups • Framing social reform agenda and lobbying points for the peace processes • International solidarity & UN lobby missions • Social development & service providers • Interfaith dialogue • Peace and development advocates Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

21. Traditional mechanisms of civil society participation in governance: Botang mat’toa = tau maas (Council of elders) Ruma bissara (House of council) RaayatThe Civil Society Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

22. Post-conflict: Peace constituency-building and advocacies: Inter-ethnic/ People-to-people solidarity & dialogues Religious pluralism & intercivilizational dialogue RaayatThe Civil Society Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

23. Institute of Bangsamoro Studies Consortium of Bangsamoro Civil Society organizations Bangsamoro Development Authority Moro NGOs, CBOs, POs into community work Moro HR defenders & legal services BM Youth, students, young professionals BM women organizations & cooperatives MNLF Peace advocates Peace and human rights networks, etc. RaayatThe Civil Society Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

24. Indigenous knowledge, systems and practices as sources and frames of reference of governance and law (i.e. customary laws) Recognize and respect the uniqueness and diversities in socio-cultural and political perspectives and experiences of the various ethnic communities and social sectors. Celebrate commonalities in tradition of leadership and governance weave a common dream of good governance for the multicultural communities Conclusion Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

25. Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh! May Peace and Blessings be upon us all! Workshop on Bangsamoro Governance NDU, Cotabato City 10 June 2009

26. THANK YOU Wassalam!