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BL Additional MS 31042 ( Wynnere and Wastoure , ll. 353-431). Middle English Alliterative Poetry, 14 th -15 th C. The “Formal Corpus” Wynnere and Wastoure The Wars of Alexander Alexander A Alexander and Dindimus Alliterative Morte Arthure The Parlement of the Thre Ages Pearl
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BL Additional MS 31042 (Wynnere and Wastoure, ll. 353-431)
Middle English Alliterative Poetry, 14th-15th C. The “Formal Corpus” Wynnere and Wastoure The Wars of Alexander Alexander A Alexander and Dindimus Alliterative MorteArthure The Parlement of the Thre Ages Pearl Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Cleanness Patience The Destruction of Troy (John Clerk) St. Erkenwald The Siege of Jerusalem William of Palerne The “Informal Corpus” Piers Plowman (William Langland) Richard the Redeless Mum and the Sothsegger Pierce the Plowman’s Crede Death and Life Joseph of Arimathea The Blacksmiths The Tretis of the Twa Mariit Wemen and the Wedo (William Dunbar ) Scottish Ffielde (1515) Rhymed Stanzaic Poems Somer Soneday The Pistel of Swete Susan The Three Dead Kings Pater Noster The Awntyrs off Arthure
THE DIALECTS OF LATE MEDIEVAL ENGLAND (1) The wery huntere, slepynge in his bed, To wode ayeyn his mynde goth anon; The juge dremeth how his plees ben sped; (Chaucer, The ParliamentofFowls 99-105, The cartere dremeth how his cart is gon; Londondialect c. 1380-82) The riche, of gold; the knyght fyght with his fon; The syke met he drynketh of the tonne; The lovere met he hath his lady wonne. Ac on a May morwenynge on Maluerne hilles (Piers Plowman B.1.1-10; Me bifel a ferly, of Fairye me þo3te. Northwest Midlands dialect, I was wery forwandred and wente me to reste near Malvern & Worcester, c. 1370) Vnder a brood bank by a bourne syde, And as I lay and lenede and loked on þe watres I slombred into a slepyng, it sweyed so murye.
THE DIALECTS OF LATE MEDIEVAL ENGLAND (2) Bot of alle þat here bult of Bretaygne kynges Ay watz Arthur þe hendest, as I haf herde telle. Forþi an aunter in erde I attle to schawe, (Sir Gawain and theGreen Knight 25-32; Þat a selly in si3t summe men hit holden NW Midlands nr. Cheshire, And an outtrage awenture of Arthurez wonderez. s. Lancashire, n.Staffordshire, c. 1400) If 3e wyl lysten þis laye bot on littel quile, I schal telle hit astit, as I in toun herde. Manne on molde, be meke to me, And haue thy maker in þi mynde, And thynke howe I haue tholid for þe, With pereles paynes for to be pyned. The forward of my Fadir free (York Play of the Harrowing of Hell, Haue I fulfillid, as folke may fynde, Yorkshire dialect, c. 1475) Þer-fore a-boute nowe woll I bee Þat I haue bought for to vnbynde. Þe feende þame wanne with trayne Thurgh frewte of erthely foode, I haue þame getyn agayne Thurgh bying with my bloode.
THE DIALECTS OF LATE MEDIEVAL ENGLAND (3) Ane dooly sesoun to ane cairfull dyte Suld correspond, and be equivalent. (Robert Henryson, The Tesatment of Cresseid1-7, Richt sa it wes quhen I began to wryte Late Middle Scots before 1500) This tragedy; the wedder richt fervent, Quhen Aries, in middis of the Lent, Shouris of haill can fra the north discend; That scantly fra the cauld I micht defend. why pryncys a'n dewolow scon egereugh an porthow py mar ny wreugh y fyth guow yn certan kynys tremene rak an porthow hep dyweth (Cornish Play of the Resurrection, a vyth ygerys yn weth Cornwall, 15th c.) sur may thello aberueth an myghtern a lowene
Henryson York Plays Sir Gawain Piers Plowman Chaucer Cornish plays
The opening lines of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (BL MS Cotton Nero A.x., f.91a)
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his high kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welne3e of al þe wele in þe west iles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, After the siege and the assault was ceased at Troy Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, The walls breached and burnt down to brands and ashes Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t The knight that had knotted the nets of deceit Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Was impeached for his perfidy, proven most true Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his high kynde, It was high-born Aeneas and his haughty race Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome That since prevailed over provinces, and proudly reigned Welne3e of al þe wele in þe west iles. Over well-nigh all the wealth of the West Isles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his high kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welne3e of al þe wele in þe west iles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his high kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welne3e of al þe wele in þe west iles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his high kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welne3e of al þe wele in þe west iles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his high kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welne3e of al þe wele in þe west iles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his high kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welne3e of al þe wele in þe west iles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his high kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welne3e of al þe wele in þe west iles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his high kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welne3e of al þe wele in þe west iles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his high kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welne3e of al þe wele in þe west iles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his high kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welne3e of al þe wele in þe west iles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe bor3brittened and brent to brondez and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wro3t Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erþe. Hit watz Ennias þe athel and his highkynde, Þat siþen deprecedprouinces, and patrounesbicome Welne3e of al þe wele in þe westiles.
Siþen þe sege and þe assaut * watz sesed at Troye, [aaa/ax] Þe bor3brittened and brent * to brondez and askez, [aaa/ax] Þe tulk þat þe trammes * of tresoun þer wro3t [aa/ax] Watz tried for his tricherie, * þe trewest on erþe. [aa/ax] Hit watz Ennias þe athel * and his highkynde, [aa/ax] Þat siþen deprecedprouinces, * and patrounesbicome [aa/ax] Welne3e of al þe wele * in þe westiles. [aa/ax]