Energy

1. Energy By: Student D

2. What is the major source of Earth’s energy? The sun provides energy to plants which provide us and other animals with energy which we us to harness other forms of energy. The sun warms the earth which drives the hydraulic cycle. (water evaporates from the Earth’s surface, becomes clouds, falls back to earth through precipitation.)

3. Energy is the ability to do work • There are 5 main forms of energy • Mechanical • Thermal • Electromagnetic • Chemical • Nuclear • Work consists of three parts: • Force – A force has to be exerted on an object • Displacement – There must be a displacement of the object • Cause – The displacement must be caused by the force exerted (Work is when a force acts on an object to move it.) Work = Force*Displacement

4. Potential and Kinetic • Potential energy can be described as the energy that an object COULD have. It is stored energy. Some forms of potential energy include chemical, elastic, electromagnetic, and nuclear. • Kinetic energy can be described as the amount of energy a moving object has because of its movement. • Kinetic Energy = ½ mass *velocity²

5. Energy Conversion • The Law of Energy Conservation states that all energy can not be created or destroyed • Because energy cannot be created or destroyed, it MUST be converted.

6. Energy Conversion

7. Think of it this way….. You are stranded in the woods and need to make a fire if you want to survive. You watch discovery channel so you know a little bit about how to start a fire. You gather fuel (dry wood and tinder) and you start rubbing two sticks together (mechanical energy). This creates friction. The friction creates heat (thermal energy). You need a lot of heat to create a fire as well as a suitable source of fuel. You finally succeed and your fuel catches fire (chemical energy). Your energy is used to move the sticks, the sticks use that energy through friction to make heat, the heat starts a fire, the fire consumes the fuel, this creates more heat (thermal)….. CONVERSIONS!

8. Energy Resources Non-Renewable Renewable • Coal • Fuel • Oil • Natural Gas • Solar • Hydro • Wind • Geothermal • Tidal/Wave • Biomass

9. How can YOU conserve energy? • When using the fireplace, turn down the furnace to 55 degrees. If you don't, all the warm air from the furnace will go right up the chimney, wasting energy and money. • Unplug all electrical devices when not in use to reduce phantom load • Fix leaky faucets, especially if it's a hot water faucet. One drop per second can add up to 165 gallons a month - that's more than one person uses in two weeks • Use lids on pots and pans to reduce cooking times • Switch to compact fluorescent light bulbs • Decorate with pale colors on walls, ceilings and floors. You will use less light • When you’re away from the house for an extended time, set your water heating to the lowest setting • In almost every case, a natural gas appliance is more economical to use than an electric model http://www.savewithces.com/365in2008.html

10. Biggest Energy Consumers • Lighting • Household Appliances • Washers/Dryers • Dishwashers • Refrigerators • Ovens/ Stoves Limiting use of these objects and turning unnecessary ones off when not in use and unplugging them, you can conserve large amounts of energy.

11. NUCLEAR ENERGY Nuclear energy is harnessed by the fission of uranium atoms. This creates heat which is used to boil water. The steam from the water is used to turn a turbine which converts the energy to a usable form. Nuclear fission occurs when a neutron is hot at a large atom (uranium). It collides with the nucleus and splits it.

12. Did you know…… • One thumbnail-sized uranium fuel pellet provides as much energy as one ton of coal or 149 gallons of oil. • There are 104 reactors, operating in 31 states, that produce 20 percent of our nation’s total electricity supply • Worldwide, more than 440 nuclear power plants provide about half of all carbon-free electricity generation. • “By 2035, 80 percent of America’s electricity will come from clean energy sources. Some folks want wind and solar. Others want nuclear, clean coal and natural gas. To meet this goal, we will need them all.” • Stewart Brand, a noted environmentalist and publisher and editor of The Whole Earth Catalog, noted on TED.com in 2009 that, “If all the electricity you used in your lifetime was nuclear, the amount of waste that would be added up would fit in a Coke can.” http://www.dailyenergyreport.com/2011/02/what-is-nuclear-energy/

13. Disadvantages to Nuclear Energy • The waste from nuclear energy is extremely dangerous and it has to be carefully looked after for several thousand years (10'000 years according to United States Environmental Protection Agency standards). • There is always a chance of failure. There is no way to make nuclear power plants 100% safe. If something were to go wrong, it would be hazardous to the employees, the environment, and the people living in the town. • Nuclear energy is a non renewable energy source. There is only so much uranium. • Nuclear waste emits radiation which is harmful to humans plants and animals.

14. Sources • Peterson, Scott. What is Nuclear Energy?. Retrieved from www.dailyenergyreport.com 4/5/2012 • Time for Change. Retrieved from timeforchange.org4/5/2012 • 365 Ways to Save Energy in 2012. Retrieved from www.savewithces.com 4/5/2012 • Work, Energy, and Power – Chapter Outline. Retrieved from www.physicsclassroom.com 4/3/2012 • Lightle, Kimberly. The Sun : Earth’s Primary Energy Source. Retrieved from beyondweather.ehe.osu.edu 4/6/2012 • Wilson, Jaun. “No Nukes”. Retrieved from islandbreath.org 4/6/2012 • “Fission”. Retrieved from gk12.rice.edu. 4/19/2012