Relativity, what is wrong?

Relativity, what is wrong? Hartwig Thim Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria Time is up 13.05.2005

Overview ·Principle of relativity (Galilei-Transformation) ·Measurement of speed of light (or microwaves) ·Medium for propagation = „Ether“ (fundamental frame of reference - Maxwell, Lorentz, Larmor, Ives, Marinov and many others) ·Ether: Measurement of Michelson/Morley using interferometry 1881 wrong interpretation: W. Voigt (Göttingen) warns already in 1886 ·Einstein 1905: there is no ether, therefore light propagation is isotropic with respect to any inertial coordinate system: c = 299.792 km/s ·Lorentz -Transformations (space and time are connected to each other) ·Consequences: time dilation, length contraction, twin (clock) paradoxon, Cosmic Microwave Background, GPS, relativistic Doppler shift, etc. Time is up 13.05.2005

Principle of relativity: two trains leave a railway station If all previous accelerations would be recorded a fundamental frame of reference could be defined! Time is up 13.05.2005

A point P (f. e.: a train) moves at v in x-direction. In its own coordinate system S‘ the point does not move. Time is up 13.05.2005

Galilei – Transformationen The point P (the train) moves at v in x- direction In its coordinate system S’ the train does not move Seen from the coordinate system S’ the system S moves at -v in the opposite (-x) direction (mechanical principle of relativity) In both coordinate systems clocks tick at same rate (t = t‘) Time is up 13.05.2005

Measurement of velocity v • Using light or radio waves (sound is too slow)) • Is there a medium for propagation of em. waves? Before Einstein (1905) everybody agreed: there is a stationary medium, the so-called „Ether“, in which light propagates isotropically at c = 299.792 km/s. • Does the ether follow the earth‘s motion? • Michelson und Morley built in 1982 an interferometer in order to detect an „etherwind“ on earth Time is up 13.05.2005

Michelson – Morley - Interferometer 2Δt = L/(c-v)+L/(c+v)=2Lc/(c²-v²) Time is up 13.05.2005

Michelson – Morley - Interferometer Longitudinal: 2Δt = L/(c-v)+L/(c+v)=2Lc/(c²-v²) Transversal: v²Δt² + L² = c² Δt² —> NULL – RESULT is observed! J. P. Wesley (2005): phase velocities must be considered! The square root is wrong! Etherwind cannot be detected IN PRINCIPLE by this method even if one exists! Woldemar Voigt (1887): Both beams travel at equal times! Time is up 13.05.2005

Michelson – Morley Null result is a classical Doppler effect J. P. Wesley: Two-way phase velocity is isotropic! An ether cannot be detected by this method! Time is up 13.05.2005

W. Voigt 1887: Time is up 13.05.2005

Lorentz - Transformations 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 + + - = = + + - x y z c t 0 x ' y ' z ' c t ' = - = x / t ' v x t v ' / = g + ( x ' vt ' ) x = g - ' ( x vt ) x - g = - = 1 2 2 v / c c 300 . 000 km / s 1 vx = - - 2 2 = = = - - 2 2 t ' ( t ) / 1 v / c y ' y , z ' z x ' ( x vt ) / 1 v / c 2 c Galilei-Transformationen Time is up 13.05.2005

Lorentz-Transformations: The Consequences • Length contraction (Ehrenfest-Paradoxon) • Time dilation (Clock- or Twin-Paradoxon, symmetry) • Transverse Doppler Effect • GPS (traffic guidance) Time is up 13.05.2005

Length contraction • Moving rods are shorter • 1. question: a rotating disk should break (Paul Ehrenfest) • 2. question: which rod contracts? (Car or road hole?) Time is up 13.05.2005

Time dilation • Moving clocks tick slower • Moving twin ages slower Question: Which one of the two????? • Contradictions disappear, if a) Δt‘ = Δt (Galilei-Tr.) are used or b) absolute frame of reference is used Time is up 13.05.2005

Transverse Doppler-Shift Rotating antennas Time is up 13.05.2005

Mikrowellenexperiment Time is up 13.05.2005

Experimental result • Transverse (relativistic) Doppler-shift is not observed, although the sensitivity of the apparatus is found to be sufficient. One measures: instead of Time is up 13.05.2005

Consequences • Relativistic (transverse) Doppler shift and, hence, time dilation does not exist • The Lorentz-Transformations are not ap-plicable, special relativity has been refuted • A simple experiment is missing which all physicists can reproduce and understand Time is up 13.05.2005

Further falsifications • Penzias und Wilson observed already in 1964 an absolute frame of reference, the so-called Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (our solar sys-tem moves at 360 km/s towards LEO) • Speed of light is isotropic and equal to c only in the CMB,according to Arno Penzias. The CMB coincides with the center of all masses in our universe. That has been ignored up to date! • The „simple“ experiment is still missing, for ex.: The measurement of the one-way velocity of light! Michelson has proposed such an experiment already in 1887! Time is up 13.05.2005

Measurement of the one-way speed of light Marinov 1975 General Relativity and Gravitation, vol. 12, No. 1, pp.57 – 66, 1980 Time is up 13.05.2005

GPS Time is up 13.05.2005

Mass Increase (W = mc2) absolute effect (Hasenöhrl 1904, Annalen der Physik) A body with mass M is irradiated by an electromagnetic wave: The wave is absorbed by a body with mass M. The energy W of the body is increased by dW and its mass M by dm: Time is up 13.05.2005

Thank you for your attention Time is up 13.05.2005

Relativity, what is wrong?