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W’s AP600 &AP1000

W’s AP600 &AP1000. by T. G. Theofanous. In-Vessel Retention. Loviisa VVER-440 first (1979) Westinghouse's AP-600 (1987) FRR’ 17 Korean KNGR and AP1400 (1994) Westinghouse’s AP-1000 (2004) NUPEC’s BWR’s (2000). The AP-600 work took three years it involved ~10 FTE’s

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W’s AP600 &AP1000

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  1. W’s AP600 &AP1000 by T. G. Theofanous

  2. In-Vessel Retention • Loviisa VVER-440 first (1979) • Westinghouse's AP-600 (1987) FRR’ 17 • Korean KNGR and AP1400 (1994) • Westinghouse’s AP-1000 (2004) • NUPEC’s BWR’s (2000) The AP-600 work took three years it involved ~10 FTE’s and was finalized with 17 experts

  3. AP-600 The final bounding state

  4. Phenomena of In-Vessel Melt Retention

  5. Framework for Addressing IVR Thermal Regime

  6. Framework for Addressing IVR FCI Regime

  7. Research to Support Assessment of IVR Thermal Loads

  8. The Basic Geometry and Nomenclature of In-vessel Retention in the Long-term, Natural Convection-Dominated, Thermal Regime

  9. Schematic of the Physical Model Used to Quantify Emergency Energy Partition, and Thermal Loads in the Long-term, Natural Convection Thermal Regime. Also Shown is the Nomenclature used in the Formulation of the Mathematical Model.

  10. Schematic of the ACOPO facility

  11. The ACOPO facility

  12. The heat flux distribution on the lower boundary of a naturally convecting hemispherical pool ACOPO

  13. Nusselt number dependence on external Rayleigh number

  14. Heat Flux at the Pool Upper Corner (Churchill-Chu, 1975) ACOPO (1998)

  15. The oxides pool Nusselt number, as a function of the Rayleigh number and the “fill” fraction, H0=R

  16. Nup;up/Nup as function of Ra0 and H0=R

  17. Num/Nuup as function of Raq, Hm/R, and G Lines within each Hm/R group correspond to emissivity (bottom to top) 0.45; 0.55; 0.65; 0.75 Hm/R = 0.1 Hm/R = 0.2 Hm/R = 0.3 Hm/R = 0.4 G is a new dimensionless group reflecting materials properties.

  18. Research to Support Assessment of IVR Heat Removal Capability

  19. Schematic of the ULPU facility: Configuration III

  20. The ULPU facility

  21. A temperature transient (local microthermocouple response) associated with boiling crisis

  22. Critical heat flux as a function of angular position on a large scale hemispherical surface ULPU-2000

  23. Schematic of the ULPU facility: Configuration IV

  24. New Configuration IV CHF results (data points), relative to curren (AP600) technology ULPU-2000

  25. Schematic of the mini-ULPU facility

  26. The mini-ULPU Experiment

  27. The mini-ULPU Experiment

  28. The Critical Heat Flux Data Obtained in mini-ULPU ----□---- Copper -------- Steel Both Surfaces are Well-Wetted Critical Heat Flux, kW/m2 Contact Frequency, Hz

  29. High-speed video 100m The BETA Experiment Film Flash X-Ray (5 ns) 200m High-speed IR 2kHz (5kHz) 100m 100 nm Ti • Heater 20x40 mm 130m Glass • Constant Flux, Verified Infinite Flat Plate Behavior Seeing is believing

  30. The Critical Heat Flux Data Obtained in BETA CHFK-Z = 1.2 MW/m2

  31. Generalization In-Vessel Retention for Larger Power Reactors

  32. The Coolability Region of an AP600 reactor for different cooling options and metal layer emissivity Pool Boiling  = 0.45 N/C Boiling  = 0.45 Lines in each group correspond to fraction of Zr taken to be oxidized (0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8) N/C Boiling  = 0.8

  33. The Coolability Region of an GE-BWR reactor for different cooling options and metal layer emissivity Pool Boiling  = 0.45 GE-BWR Lines in each group correspond to fraction of Zr taken to be oxidized (0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8) N/C Boiling  = 0.45 N/C Boiling  = 0.8

  34. The Coolability Region of an W-PWR reactor for different cooling options and metal layer emissivity Pool Boiling  = 0.45 N/C Boiling  = 0.45 N/C Boiling  = 0.8 Lines in each group correspond to fraction of Zr taken to be oxidized (0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8) W-PWR

  35. The Coolability Region of an Evolutionary PWR reactor for different cooling options and metal layer emissivity Pool Boiling  = 0.45 N/C Boiling  = 0.8 Lines in each group correspond to fraction of Zr taken to be oxidized (0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8) E-PWR N/C Boiling  = 0.45

  36. Making the case for AP1000

  37. Thermal Load AP600 AP1000 AP1000 IVR Thermal Margin Estimates based on AP600 Technology Coolability Limit (CHF)

  38. ULPU-V as Simulation Tool of AP1000 • Full Length; • with Heat Flux Shaping we have Full Scale Simulation • Complete Natural Circulation Path of AP1000 Represented • as 1/84-Slice and Matched Resistance (Flow Areas and • Geometry) as specified by Westinghouse designers • Special Investigations on Surface Effects: Paints, Coatings, • Deposits (boric acid in water), etc.

  39. ULPU-V: Three Baffle Configurations

  40. AP1000 water inlet geometry

  41. ULPU-V Steam Outlet

  42. ULPU-2400 Configuration V 1152 heaters (power control) Magnetic Flowmeter 72 thermocouples 7 pressure transducers Flow visualization

  43. ULPU-V Reference Data for AP1000 IVR Conditions

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