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Water Resources Conditions and Possible Savings in Irrigation Systems

Water Resources Conditions and Possible Savings in Irrigation Systems. Prof Wim Bastiaanssen. Remote sensing Water basin models Groundwater flow models Climate models Water accounting GIS data Smart phone SMS messages. Which tools are available to assist planning ?. Yesterday.

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Water Resources Conditions and Possible Savings in Irrigation Systems

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  1. Water Resources Conditions and Possible Savings in Irrigation Systems Prof Wim Bastiaanssen

  2. Remote sensingWater basin modelsGroundwater flow modelsClimate modelsWater accountingGIS dataSmart phoneSMS messages Which tools are available to assist planning ? Yesterday Cheema – Ph.D. student TU-Delft

  3. Models are Required for Future Projection Yesterday FUTURE: A Policies: A, B, C PAST FUTURE FUTURE: B FUTURE: C Observations Remote Sensing Simulation Models

  4. Conclusions day 1 • The basic data needed for planning is obsolete. Tools can assist with the derivation of real time and localized data • The impact of certain interventions need to be understood, i.e. scenario analysis • Water resources planning is a political process • More attention should be given to convert information into evidence based decision making: data alone is not sufficient Cheema – Ph.D. student TU-Delft

  5. From information to planning (Technical component only) Tools Data Parlement decisions database Define Scenarios Impact & Advice Ministries & Agencies Targets

  6. Fluctuation of the renewable water resources ? Yearly Rainfall TRMM Satellite 1998 to 2012 Cheema – Ph.D. student TU-Delft

  7. RainfMM validation over Pakistan Rainfall trend 1998 to 2012 Cheema – Ph.D. student TU-Delft

  8. Actual evapotranspiration Abyan

  9. Modelling Recharge and Runoff for period 2000-2009 (SPHY model) This are the renewable water resources

  10. How to improve the knowledge on renewable water recourses ? • Integrate satellite data and ground stations • Downscale and calibrate local rainfall (250 m) • Compute actual evapotranspiration (250 m) • Validate evapotranspiration where feasible • Make water accounts for each basin • Assess renewable water resources • Determine degree of over-exploitation Cheema – Ph.D. student TU-Delft

  11. Water accounting

  12. Reduce abstractions of groundwater • Quota on water use, well licenses, stop subsidized diesel for pumps • Reduce crop ET by improved irrigation technologies • Reuse urban, industrial and irrigation water • Control agricultural areas • Control irrigated area (ha) • Control cropping intensity • Abandon certain crops • Land retirement • Enhance rainfed agriculture • New seeds • Better practices • …… Can we reduce the water demand for irrigation ? Cheema – Ph.D. student TU-Delft

  13. irrigation efficiency improvement needs special attention Cheema – Ph.D. student TU-Delft

  14. TRMM validation over Pakistan 500 350 Irrigation efficiency of 40 % 400 1000 450 300 Net withdrawal is 1000 – 750 = 250 mm

  15. TRMM validation over Pakistan 500 350 Irrigation efficiency of 80 % 800 1000 Control your ET ! 210 140 Net withdrawal is 1000 – 350 = 650 mm, incremental ET is 400 mm

  16. Use drought tolerant crop varieties • Short duration crop varieties • Apply mulching of row crops and tree crops • Manage soil moisture within a preferred regime • Introduce drip systems that reduced soil evaporation • Apply a certain level of deficit irrigation that does • not affect crop production How to reduce crop evapotranspiration (ET) ? Cheema – Ph.D. student TU-Delft

  17. Crop water stress will not necessarily reduce production Cheema – Ph.D. student TU-Delft

  18. Large variability of Qat ET in Rada

  19. Potential ET Actual ET Impose a certain level of water stress Water stress Cheema – Ph.D. student TU-Delft

  20. For every water basin: • Improve the knowledge of renewable water resources, and the intra-annual fluctuations • Assess the level of over-exploitation and estimate the reduction need • Reduce irrigation water demand by ET reduction measures (mm) and areal control (ha) • Focus on areas where recharge fulfills > 100 mm/yr • Make water accounts current & future • Define scenario’s and interventions • Evaluate impact of scenario’s • Advice Members of Parlement

  21. Thank you !

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