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This article explores the relationship between workplace mobbing and the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), as well as methods for prevention and intervention. It discusses the psychological and physical consequences of mobbing, and provides strategies for both employers and employees to create a mobbing-free workplace culture. It also highlights the importance of recognizing mobbing behaviors and seeking medical advice when necessary.
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POSTTRAUMATC STRESS DISORDER AND PREVENTION • Mirjana Damej, dr. med. • spec. psihiatrije
THE PRIMARY CARE PTSD SCREEN = PC – PTSD • A frightening experience in the past month folloved by: • --nightmares or unwanted thoughts about it • --trying hard not to think about it or avoiding situations that remind you of it • --being costantly on guard, watchful or easily startled • --feeling numb or detached from others, daily activities, your surroundings • 3 positive answers suggest PTSD
PTSD as a result of series of events • Complex PTSD • Prolonged Duress Stress Disorder • Cumulative stress • Rolling PTSD
Psychological processes caused by mobbing (= emotional stress) • Fear, anxiety, worrying • Outrage, anger, helplessness • A need for self-defence and self-justification • Sleeplessnes, restlessnes, fatigue • Impairment of concentration and attention • Increased muscle tension – low back pain, headache • Abuse of PAS • Indirect selfdestructive behaviour • Psychosomatic disorders • Psychiatric conditions –PTSD, anxiety states, depression, aggressivity, suicide…
Can workplace mobbing cause illness? • Experiencing mobbing – emotional response • The brain cortex …hypotalamus…autonomous nervous system… hormonal changes • Changes in heart function and blood circulation – hypertension, brain or heart stroke, infarction • Metabolic disorders – diabetes, thyroid, dyslipidemia • Immune system disorders – infections, autoimmune pathology, malignant growth…
Individual psychosocial consequences • Work incapability, disability • Lower socioeconomic status • Social connections, even familial, may fall apart (divorce) • Drifting toward social margin • Different forms of social pathology • Suicide
MOBBING-FREE WORKPLACE CULTURE • A difficult interpersonal situation versus a mobbing situation • Workplace mobbing policies – a must • Understanding and help from managing structures is crucial • Training managers on how to understand and support targets (victims?)
PREVENTION OF PDSD- PERSONAL LEVEL • EMPLOYERS: • -respectful work environment as rated by employees • -appreciation as motivator • -treating employees as insiders • -empathy for problems • -discipline + relationship • GREAT PEOPLE DO NOT TREAT OTHERS DISRESPECTFULLY
EMPLOYEES: • -recognizing mobbing as such • -carefully building and maintaining a supportive social grid • -learning any kind of relaxation techniques and practising it regularly • -keeping fit • -appropriate nonverbal communication (eyes, posture, hands, standing position, going away) • -appropriate verbal communication (mirroring, meaningless comments, humor, irony)
WHEN TO SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE • Loss of energy and motivation • Chest pain • Weakness, loss of consciousness, dizziness • Concentration and watchfulness problems, errors at work, driving problems • Eating and/or digestive disorders • Using alcohol, OTC drugs, illegal drugs • Unintentional self-injuries