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Chapter 43

Chapter 43. Mammals. Do Now. Name the reactants and products of cellular respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP What is the main purpose of cellular respiration? To gain energy from food. Bellringer. See chalkboard. Mammalian Characteristics.

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Chapter 43

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  1. Chapter 43 Mammals

  2. Do Now Name the reactants and products of cellular respiration. C6H12O6 + O2CO2 + H2O + ATP What is the main purpose of cellular respiration? To gain energy from food.

  3. Bellringer See chalkboard.

  4. Mammalian Characteristics Endothermy-regulate body heat internally though metabolism and externally through insulation Hair-insulates the body against heat loss

  5. Completely divided heart-four-chambered heart whose two ventricles are completely separated by a muscular wall

  6. Mammalian Characteristics Milk-Females produce milk to feed their offspring

  7. Single jawbone-Lower jaw is made up of a single bone

  8. Specialized teeth-have various types of teeth modified for different functions

  9. Pair/Share Discuss with partner which mammalian characteristic is the most important.

  10. Mammal Evolution Synapsids-gave rise to mammals and their extinct relatives Therapsids-most abundant terrestrial vertebrates & gave rise to mammals Early mammals were about the size of mice and had large eyes, which shows that they were active at night.

  11. Diversification of Mammals Monotremes-oviparous-lay eggs Marsupials-viviparous-give birth to live young, but young develop in pouch Placental mammals-viviparous-fetus typically develops within the mother’s reproductive system for a long time

  12. Characteristics of Mammals Diaphragm-The sheet of muscle at the bottom of the rib cage of mammals

  13. Variations in the size and shape of teeth among different mammals reflect differences in diet.

  14. Have short, simple digestive systems that do not digest cellulose

  15. Characteristics of Mammals Monotremes-typically lay one or two large eggs encased in a thin, leathery shell, and then incubate them. Ex. Duck-bill platypus and echidna

  16. Characteristics of Mammals Marsupials-embryos develop for just a short period within the mother’s uterus and then emerge from the uterus and crawl into the mother’s pouch, a skin-lined pocket on her abdomen. Ex. Kangaroo & opossum Joey

  17. Characteristics of Mammals Placental Mammals-mammals whose offspring remain inside the mother’s uterus until development is complete The function of the placenta in certain mammals is to carry nutrition to and remove wastes from the embryo during development.

  18. Mammalian young depend on parental care for • food. • learning. • protection.

  19. Discussion Each group will read and discuss two mammalian orders, then present groups to class.

  20. Mammalian Orders Order Xenartha-anteaters, armadillos, and sloths Armadilo

  21. Mammalian Orders Order Lagomorpha-rabbits, hares, and pikas Pika

  22. Mammalian Orders Order Rodentia-squirrels, marmots, chipmunks, gophers, muskrats, mice, rats, and porcupine Marmot

  23. Mammalian Orders Order Primates-lemurs, tarsiers, lories, monkeys, gibbons, apes, and humans Tarsiers

  24. Mammalian Orders Order Chroptera-bats Vampire Bats

  25. Mammalian Orders Order Insectivora-shrews, hedgehogs, and moles Shrew

  26. Mammalian Orders Order Carnivora-dogs, cats, raccoons, bears, hyenas, otters, seals, and sea lions Hyena

  27. Mammalian Orders Order Artiodactyla-even number of toes; deer, cattle, giraffes, pigs, and camels Camel

  28. Mammalian Orders Order Perissodactyla- odd number of toes; Horses, Zebra, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs Tapir

  29. Mammalian Orders Order Cetacea-whales, dolphins, and porpoises Orca Vaquita

  30. Mammalian Orders Order Sirenia-manatees and dugongs

  31. Mammalian Orders Order Proboscidea-elephants, mastodons, and mammoths

  32. Primate and Human Origin Many primate traits are adaptations for living in groups in trees. Three-dimensional vision Depth perception Prehensile appendages-hands, feet, and tails that can grasp

  33. Anthropoids Adaptations: Rotating shoulder and elbow joints Opposable thumb Have a certain number & arrangement of teeth. More complex brain structure and larger brain relative to size The first primates probably resembled modern chimpanzees.

  34. Australopithecines Hominids are organisms that resemble humans more than monkeys. Bipedalism-the tendency to walk upright on two legs “Lucy” All australopithecine fossils have been discovered in Africa

  35. Homo habilis “Handy humans” Found along with stone tools. Earliest member of the genus Homo

  36. Homo erectus “Upright human” Walked upright Was taller than H. habilis Modern humans are probably most closely related to Homo erectus

  37. Homo sapiens neanderthalenisis They had heavy bones, thick brows, protruding jaws, and brains of about the same size as the brains of modern humans. Lived in caves and made stone scraper tools

  38. Homo sapiens sapiens Modern Homo sapiens appeared in Africa about 160,000 years ago. The first discovery was in Cro-Magnon cave in France

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