بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ابدواااا بابتسامه عريضه ..تراااالدنياا حلوه ولا تخلون التعب يتغلب عليكم كلها اياامونرتاااح 

2. 1. Trachea 2. R main bronchus 3. L main bronchus 4. L pulm artery 5. RUL pulm vein 6. R (desc) pulm artery 7. RLL and RML veins 8. Aortic arch 9. S. vena cava 10. Azygous vein

3. 1. Trachea • 2. R main bronchus • 3. LUL bronchus • 4. RUL bronchus • 5. L pulmonary artery • 6. R pulmonary artery • 7. Pulmonary vein • 8. Aortic arch • 9. Brachiocephalic vessels • Note: Vascular details are variable from film to film

4. Fissures and lobes Right lung Left lung

5. Fissures and lobes RT lung LT lung

7. Max Inspiration 1 2 3 1 4 2 5 6 3 4 7 5 8 6 9 10 11 10 Posterior Ribs 6 Anterior ribs

10. pleural effusion- simple Normal costophrenic angle Blunted costophrenic angle

11. Radiological appearance B- Moderate effusion • Homogenous opacity in the lower lung zone spreading upwards • Obliterating the costophrenic recess • Obscuring the diaphragmatic shadow with well defined concave upper edge , rising laterally more than medially.

12. Meniscus sign Fluid rises up along the edge of pleural effusion producing meniscus shape or U shaped

13. Pleural Effusion Upright Supine

16. CT lung window

17. Massive pleural effusion

18. Massive pleural effusion Opacification of left hemithorax with shift of trachea and heart against the opacification

19. Atelectasis(Collapse) Opacification of left hemithorax Shift of trachea and heart towards the left side

20. Pneumonia

21. Post pneumonectomy

26. Pneumonia

27. Pneumonia RML pneumonia air bronchograms, and silhouetting of the right heart border

28. RUL pneumonia

29. Pneumonia • Silhouette of left heart margin • Air bronchogram in PA view

30. Lobar Pneumonia Right Middle Lobe • Vague density right lower lung zone • Indistinct right cardiac silhouette • Intact diaphragmatic silhouette

31. Consolidation Right Upper Lobe

32. Pneumonia Density in left lower lung field Loss of left heart silhouette Diaphragmatic silhouette intact No shift of mediastinum Blunting of costophrenic angle

33. Pneumonia Density in left lower lung field Left heart silhouette intact Loss of diaphragmatic silhouette No shift of mediastinum

34. Pneumonia Density in right middle lung field Loss of right cardiac silhouette Air bronchogram  not visible

36. Pathology of pneumothorax

39. Pneumothorax • No vascular markings on right • No shift of mediastinum to left • Atelectatic right lung • Small fluid level near costophrenic angle: (Hydro pneumothorax)

40. Pneumothorax • No vascular markings on right • Shift of mediastinum to left • Atelectatic right lung

42. Tension Pneumothorax • No vascular markings on right • Shift of mediastinum to left • Atelectatic right lung

43. Pneumothorax • Air in pleural cavity: no vascular markings • Increased density of atelectatic lung: abnormal lung • Larger right hemithorax • Other findings include: • Calcified diaphragmatic pleural plaque

49. Hydropneumothorax • Air in pleural cavity • Lung margin visible • Bilateral fluid level Note:- Any time you see a horizontal fluid level, it means that there is air and fluid in the pleural space