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Famous People

Famous People. Regents Review. Martin Luther. Place: Germany Goal: to reform Roman Catholic Church Action: posted 95 Thesis , believed in faith alone for salvation Protestant Reformation shattered religious unity in Europe. John Locke.

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Famous People

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  1. Famous People Regents Review

  2. Martin Luther • Place: Germany • Goal: to reform Roman Catholic Church • Action: posted 95 Thesis, believed in faith alone for salvation • Protestant Reformation shattered religious unity in Europe

  3. John Locke • Enlightened thinker: government by the consent of the people. • Natural rights: humans have unalienable rights. If the government does not protect those rights you can rebel. • Influenced the writing of the US Constitution and the Declaration of Independence • Other enlightened philosophers: Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu: civil liberties

  4. Louis XIV • Country: France • Policies: • Absolute monarch ( divine right) • Persecuted Huguenots (Protestants) • Built Versailles Palace • Pushed France to the verge of bankruptcy • Fought many wars. • French culture becomes the model for the rest of Europe.

  5. Peter the Great • Place: Russia • Position: Czar • Important Policies and events: • Desired to westernize and modernize Russia • Successful in westernization • Desired a warm water port • Oppressive ruler • Builds St. Petersburg

  6. Catherine the Great • Country: Russia • Position: Czarina • Important Events and policies: • Westernization • Defeats the Ottoman Empire and wins a warm water port on the Black Sea • Partitions Poland with Austria and Prussia

  7. Napoleon Bonaparte • Country: France • Policies: • Napoleonic Code: legal code that included many Enlightenment Ideas. • Legal equality and religious toleration • University of France: established a government supervised public school system. • Supported new industry and built roads and canals. • Nationalism: increased French nationalism. Nationalism spread throughout Europe.

  8. Karl Marx • Place: great Britain during the Industrial Revolution • Philosophy: Communism • Class warfare rich abuse the poor • Haves vs the have nots • Peasants (proletariat) needs to overthrow the rich factory owners ( bourgeoisie) • Need to take the means of production • Form a classless society

  9. Adam Smith • Wrote the Wealth of Nations • Advocated Laissez faire economics • Capitalism: private property • Government should leave businesses alone • Natural laws of Economic: supply and demand and competition would spread wealth to everyone. • Invisible hand controlled economy

  10. Supporters of Westernization • Russia: Catherine the Great, Peter the Great • Iran: Shah Rezi Pahlevi • Turkey: Kemal Ataturk • Japan: Emperor Meiji

  11. Otto von Bismarck • Country: Prussia • Position: Chancellor • Policies and important events • Lead unification of Germany • Blood and Iron: unite through warfare • Real Politik • Social Security • Kulterkampf: fight for civilization against Catholic Church

  12. Nelson Mandela • Country: South Africa • Position: leader of the fight against Apartheid and 1st President. • Important Events: Apartheid: separation of the races, pass laws, non violent approach to over throw apartheid

  13. Bishop Tutu • Country: South Africa • Position: leader against Apartheid • Important Events: non violent approach. • Demanded that other countries pass economic sanctions against South Africa • Successful • Wins Noble Peace Prize

  14. Communist Dictators • Totalitarian leaders: Communism: government control of economy(command), “classless” society • Russia/Soviet Union, V.I. Lenin, Stalin: M. Gorbachev, 1917-1990 • China, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping: 1949 • Cuba, Fidel Castro:1959 • Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh: 1975 • Cambodia: Pol Pot • North Korea: Kim Jong Il

  15. Lenin • Country: Russia/Soviet Union • Position: communist revolutionary leader/ supreme leader of Russia • Important events: • Russian Revolution: communists take over Russia • Civil War • NEP: New Economic Policy combined elements of capitalism and communism

  16. Joseph Stalin • Place: Soviet Union • Position: Supreme leader of Soviet Union • Important Events: • 5 year plans: wanted to boost industrial and agricultural production • Purges: eliminate opposition to Stalin • Gulags: slave labor camps • Ukrainian Genocide: 10 million killed or starved to death • World War II

  17. Mikhail Gorbachev • Place: Soviet Union • Position: Supreme leader of Soviet Union • Important Policies and Events: • Glasnost: new openness: freedom of speech and religion • Perestroika: economy plan that combined capitalism and communism • Lead to the breakup of the Soviet Union and the downfall of communism in Eastern Europe.

  18. Jomo Kenyatta • Country: Kenya • Position: nationalist leader/ 1st President • Important Events: uprising to overthrow British colonialism in Kenya. • Leader of the Mau Maus

  19. Kwame Nkrumah • Country: Ghana • Position: nationalist and independence leader; 1st president • Important Events: fought against British control; first African nation to achieve independence from colonial rule

  20. Mao Zedong • Country: China • Position: Communist revolutionary leader; supreme leader of China • Important Events: • Communist Revolution: wins it because of the support of the peasants and women. • Great Leap Forward: program in China in 1958 to increase agricultural production and industrial output. It was a failure. 20-30 million Chinese die • Cultural Revolution: program lunched in China to renew loyalty to communism and purge opponents of Mao. Hurt the Chinese economy

  21. Deng Xiaoping • Country: China • Position: Supreme leader of China • Important Events: • Reform of the economy; mixing elements of capitalism with communism. • The responsibility system, special economic zones • Tiananmen Square Massacre: 1989 students killed and jailed because they protested for democracy

  22. Kemal Ataturk • Country: Turkey after WW I • Important Policies • Overthrew government headed by a Sultan • Westernized Turkey • Secular (non religious) government • industrializes

  23. Mohandas Gandhi • Country: India • Position: Nationalists leader • Important events and policies: • Lead Indian National Congress against British Rule • Salt March: nonviolent protest of tax on salt by British • Homespun Movement: produce own clothes and boycott British goods • Civil disobedience, passive resistance • Gained independence for India

  24. Pol Pot • Country: Cambodia • Position: Communist leader • Important Events and policies: • Lead the Khmer Rouge • Communist leader killed 2 million people • Purged any enemies of communism and sent them to the rural areas. • Genocide

  25. Slobadan Milosevic • Country: Serbia • Position: President • Important Events and Policies: • Ethnic cleansing: of Croatians and Muslims in Bosnia • Ethnic cleansing of ethnic Albanians in Kosovo • On trial for war crimes

  26. Ayatollah Khomeini • Place: Iran • Goal: remove Shah Reza Pahlavi and western influence and replace it with an Islamic Fundementalist state • Set up a Theocracy • Impact: Iranian Islamic Revolution in 1979. Government required strict adherence to Islamic law and enacted anti-western policies, held American hostages for over one year, women lost rights

  27. Fidel Castro • Country: Cuba • Leader: Communist leader • Policies and events • Totalitarian Dictator • Lead Communist Revolution • Conflict with US • Cuban Missile Crisis

  28. Women • World Leaders: Indira Gandhi (India), Benazar Bhutto (Pakistan), Golda Meir (Israel), Margaret Thatcher (Great Britain) • Humanitarian Concerns: Mother Tereasa (India), Aung Su (Myanmar), Rigoberta Menchu (Guatamala) • Enlightened thinker: Mary Wollstonecraft

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