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Archimedes (287-212 B.C)

Archimedes (287-212 B.C). Greek mathematician who studied density, levers, and pulleys and invented a screw pump device. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274). Catholic thinker who believed in natural laws based on reason and in the right to defy unjust laws. William Blackstone (1723-1780).

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Archimedes (287-212 B.C)

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  1. Archimedes (287-212 B.C) • Greek mathematician who studied density, levers, and pulleys and invented a screw pump device

  2. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) • Catholic thinker who believed in natural laws based on reason and in the right to defy unjust laws

  3. William Blackstone (1723-1780) • English author who wrote “Commentaries on the Laws of England” • Explained the English Common Laws: a system of laws based on the precedents of other courts

  4. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) • General during the French Revolution, who seized power in 1799 • Declared himself Emperor in 1804 • Conquered much of Europe before he was defeated

  5. Robert Boyle (1627-1691) • Irish chemist who is known as the “Father of Chemistry

  6. John Calvin (1509-1564) • Began an new Protestant Church in Geneva based on belief of predestination (already decided by God), faith, as the key to salvation and a strict moral code

  7. Winston Churchill (1874-1963) • British Prime Minister who opposed Hitler and inspired the British people with his public broadcast during World War II • Promised that the British would never surrender

  8. Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) • Astronomer who believed that the Earth orbited the sun • His work was banned by the Catholic Church

  9. Marie Curie (1867-1934) • Chemist and physicist who conducted early experiments with radioactivity • First woman to win the Noble Peace Prize

  10. Thomas Edison (1847-1931) • American inventor • Electric Light Bulb • Phonograph • Motion pictures

  11. Albert Einstein (1879-1933) • Jewish physicist who discovered that time and space were relative • He fled Nazi Germany and recommended the development of the Atomic Bomb in America

  12. Queen Elizabeth I • English Queen who created a strong, centralized monarchy based on national unity and a sharing of power between the monarchy and Parliament

  13. GalieoGalilei (1564-1642) • Italian scientist who made observations with a telescope to confirm the Copernican theory • He was put the trial by the Catholic Church for crimes against the church

  14. Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) • 1st woman elected as India’s Prime Minister • She was assassinated by her body guards

  15. Mohandas Gandhi (1564-1642) • Leader who achieved Indian independence through non-violent, passive resistance to Great Britain

  16. Mikhail Gorbachev • Leader of the Soviet Union • His reforms lead to the elections of non-communist governments in Eastern Europe and the dissolution of the Soviet Union

  17. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) • Nazi Party leader who established a totalitarian state in Germany • His policies took Germany into a devastating war in 1939 (WWII) and lead to the deaths of millions of Jews in the Holocaust

  18. John Locke (1632-1704) • Englishman who wrote that people • That government power comes from the people it governs, not from God (Divine Right Theory) • People have the right to overthrow an abusive government

  19. Karl Marx (1818-1883) • Critic of capitalism • His ideals became the basic of communism • He believed that workers would eventually overthrow their capitalist bosses

  20. Isaac Newton (1643-1727) • Scientist who discovered the laws of gravity, raising hopes that all of the universe acted according to certain fixed and fundamentals laws

  21. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) • Scientist who found that most diseases are caused by germs • He developed new vaccines and methods to kill germs by heating, known as Pasteurization

  22. Jean Rousseau (1712-1778) • Sated that government should follow the people’s “General Will” • His writings inspired the democratic ideals of the French Revolution

  23. Adam Smith (1723-1790) • Author of “The Wealth of Nations” • Outlined Capitalism • Attacked mercantilism and explained how competition and the division of labor guided the free-market system

  24. Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) • Communist leader following Lenin • Purged the government of all opponents • Changed Soviet economy, established a totalitarian state • Started the Cold War

  25. Mother Teresa (1910-1997) • A Catholic Nun who devoted her life to helping the poor and homeless people of India • Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

  26. Voltaire (1694-1778) • Enlightenment thinker whose views on religious toleration and intellectual freedom influenced leader of the American and French Revolutions

  27. James Watt (1736-1819) • Inventor who improved the steam engine, thus making steam power available to run machines and factories • Helped start the Industrial Revolution

  28. William Wilberforce (1759-1833) • Reformer who led the right to abolish the slave trade and slavery

  29. Mao Zedong (1893-1976) • Chinese Communist leader who drove the Nationalist Chinese out of Chine in 1949 • He instituted brutal measures to achieve Communist control of China • Started the “Great Leap Forward” in an attempt to Industrialize China

  30. Ronald Reagan • 40th President of the United States • Helped the defeat the Soviets end the Cold War

  31. Nelson Mendela • Leader imprisoned for speaking out against apartheid • After being released from prison, he be came South Africa’s first black President and ended apartheid

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