Physical Science

1. Physical Science Chapter 19: Elements and Their Properties

2. Metals • G1 metals are called Alkali Metals • G2 metals are called Alkaline Earth Metals

3. Metals • Most G1 & G2 metals share similar properties. They are shiny, solids at room temperature, can conduct heat and electricity, and G1 and G2 are very reactive

4. Metals Malleable - can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets Ex.: Aluminum foil, sheet metal

5. Metals • Ductile - can be pulled into thin wires Ex.: electric cords, barbed wire

6. What do you think is the main reason you might pull a piece of metal into a wire?

7. Calcium (Ca) • Found in bones, teeth, milk • Necessary part of your diet

8. Magnesium (Mg) • Very strong and lightweight

9. Welding, fireworks, aircraft, "aluminum" bats, burns with a white-hot flame

10. Barium - Ba • Alkaline earth metal • Used for soft-tissue x-rays

11. Sodium (Na) & Potassium (K)

12. Sodium - salt (NaCl), lye (NaOH), flammable in water • Potassium - in bananas, prevents muscle cramps

13. Transition Elements • G3 to G12 (plus a few stragglers) • Similar properties of G1 & G2 metals, except they are not nearly as reactive • These elements are still considered “metals”

15. Iron (Fe) • Most commonly used metal, 2nd most abundant metal (mined as iron ore) • Used to make steel (Fe & C) (lighter, stronger, more flexible, cheaper than iron) • Needed in your diet

16. Nickel (Ni) & Copper (Cu) • Nickel - corrosion resistant, used in coins • Copper - very good conductor, used in wiring, coins, cookware, bronze, brass

17. Silver (Ag) & Gold (Au) • Precious metals and good conductors, gold is very dense • Used in jewelry, coins, and dental work

18. How do you think panning for gold works?

19. Lead (Pb) • soft, heavy, gray metal • fishing sinkers, ammunition, provides protection from x-rays

20. Zinc (Zn) • Used in coins, car undercoatings, and used to coat other metals to slow corrosion (galvanizing)

21. Mercury (Hg) • The only metal which is a liquid at room temperature • Used in thermostats, batteries, and dental work. • Poisonous if swallowed or absorbed very dense

22. Aluminum (Al) • Most abundant metal on earth (solid earth) • Light and strong; used in aircraft bodies, food storage, baseball bats, automobiles

23. You know that the Periodic Table is set up so that elements in the same families have similar properties. Identify 3 specific properties shared by the group 11 elements.

24. Metalloids • The 7 elements above and below the stair-step line, excluding Aluminum and Astatine. • Have some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals.

25. Silicon (Si) • 2nd most abundant element on earth (solid earth) • Found in sand and used for glass, computer chips, and in liquid form as a lubricant

26. Non-metals • To the right of the metalloids, most are gases at room temperature. • Includes the Halogens and Noble Gases

27. Figure 7 Periodic Table of Elements

28. Carbon (C) • Found in all living organisms • Plastic, rubber, graphite, coal, diamonds and other allotropes (different forms of the same pure element)

29. Nitrogen (N) • Makes up 78% of the air we breathe • fertilizers and explosives

30. Oxygen (O) • O2 is oxygen gas which we breathe, it makes up 21% of the air (on avg.) • O3 is ozone which protects the earth from ultraviolet rays from the sun.

31. Is oxygen gas flammable? Hmmm......

32. Based on what you know about atoms, why do you think it is often harder to catch your breath at higher altitudes?

33. Sulfur (S) • Used for matches, yellow dyes, gun powder, and insecticide. • Has a rotten egg smell.

34. Phosphorus - P • non-metal used as a water softener • also found in laundry detergents and fluorescent lights

35. Halogens (G17) • Fluorine (F) - the most reactive element, in toothpaste and tap water

36. Chlorine (Cl) - disinfectant in water, drinking water and swimming pools, used in bleach, Cl2 is a poisonous gas

37. Iodine - I • Halogen (non-metal) • Used as a disinfectant, and sublimates when heated, found in iodized salt • Needed in your diet, severe deficiencies can result in goiter

38. Noble Gases (G18) • Very stable (unreactive, inert) • Helium (He) - used in balloons, blimps, and diving tanks • Neon (Ne) - lighting and lasers

39. Other Elements • Hydrogen (H) - most abundant on earth (90%) and in the universe and on earth H2O, H2 is lightweight and explosive • put in G1 because of it's reactivity

40. Uranium (U) • Highly radioactive naturally found element • Used in nuclear weapons and nuclear power • Must be mined and refined to be in a usable form

41. Plutonium (Pu) • Plutonium - a synthetic (man-made) element, also radioactive, but more stable, made from uranium

42. Transuranium Elements • Elements # 93 and above • Radioactive and synthetic (man-made)

43. Synthetic elements are created in laboratories by adding particles, usually protons, to the nucleus of an already existing atom. • Therefore, the Periodic Table will continue to change. It will never be a finished product.

45. Lanthanides & Actinides • These periods (horizontal rows) are off-set at the bottom of the Periodic Table because their properties do not necessarily fit in where their atomic numbers would have them placed. Also, their presence in the upper table would push other elements into the wrong groups.

46. An ore is a naturally found sample of an element in compound form. • Metal ores, such as iron, are mined from the ground, and have the impurities removed.

47. Why do think it’s called the Periodic Table? • The Periodic Table as we know it was created by Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, in the late 1800’s.

49. Let’s say that there is absolutely no wind at all. You let a helium filled mylar balloon loose, and it floats upward. After a while, however, the balloon will stop rising and just hover in place. Why?

50. 1. What are 5 general properties that all metals have? 2. What is the main difference between the transition elements and Groups 1& 2? 3. Sheet metal has been pounded flat and electric cords have been pulled into a wire. What are the 2 terms which describe these properties? 4. What is galvanizing and why is it done? 5. Identify each of the following elements: A. Metal used to make steel B. Precious metal which is used in coins and dental work C. Reactive element found in salt and lye D. Element used for soft tissue x-rays E. Heavy, soft, gray element used in ammunition F. Strong light metal used in jets and baseball bats G. Metal which is a liquid at room temperature H. Element commonly used to coat most coins I. Fairly valuable metal used in electric wires, plumbing, and coins 6. What is the name of the classification of Group 1 elements? Group 2? 7. What is the number 1 use for a metal after it has been pulled into a wire? 8. Which Group 1 element does not have metallic properties? Why not? 9. Why do you think coins are made from Transition Elements and not elements from Groups 1 or 2.