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The Day of Atonement March 6, 2014 SITS Conference Speaker: Allen Dvorak

The Day of Atonement March 6, 2014 SITS Conference Speaker: Allen Dvorak. The Day of Atonement. Culmination of the Sacrificial system. Interesting Facts. 10 th day of the 7 th month (Tisri) “A Sabbath of solemn rest” (Leviticus 16:31) Only annual fast required by law

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The Day of Atonement March 6, 2014 SITS Conference Speaker: Allen Dvorak

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  1. The Day of AtonementMarch 6, 2014SITS ConferenceSpeaker: Allen Dvorak

  2. The Day of Atonement • Culmination of the Sacrificial system

  3. Interesting Facts • 10th day of the 7th month (Tisri) • “A Sabbath of solemn rest” (Leviticus 16:31) • Only annual fast required by law • Beginning of the Year of Jubilee • Involved: (Leviticus 16; Numbers 29): • Burnt offerings • Sin offerings • Grain & drink offerings Outline, p. 109 3

  4. The Ritual • The preparation of the priest • The killing of the sacrifices • The presentation of the blood of the sacrifices • The cleansing of the sanctuary and the altar • The sending away of the scapegoat • The burnt offerings • The disposal of the bodies of the sacrifices 4 Outline, p. 110

  5. The Tabernacle Ark of the Covenant Altar of Incense Table of Showbread Lampstand Laver Altar of Burnt Offerings The preparation of the priest Outline, p. 110

  6. The Tabernacle Ark of the Covenant Altar of Incense Exodus 27:20–21 (ESV)20 “You shall command the people of Israel that they bring to you pure beaten olive oil for the light, that a lamp may regularly be set up to burn. 21 In the tent of meeting, outside the veil that is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall tend it from evening to morning before the Lord. It shall be a statute forever to be observed throughout their generations by the people of Israel. Table of Showbread Lampstand Laver Altar of Burnt Offerings The killing of the sacrifice (bull) Outline, p. 110

  7. The Tabernacle Ark of the Covenant Altar of Incense Table of Showbread 1) The “clouding” of the Most Holy Place Lampstand Laver Altar of Burnt Offerings 2) The presentation of the blood (bull) Outline, p. 110

  8. The Tabernacle Ark of the Covenant Altar of Incense 1) The casting of lots on the goats (Lev. 16:7) Table of Showbread Lampstand Laver Altar of Burnt Offerings 2) The presentation of the blood (goat) Outline, p. 111

  9. The Tabernacle Ark of the Covenant Altar of Incense Table of Showbread Lampstand Laver Altar of Burnt Offerings The cleansing of the sanctuary and the altar Outline, p. 111

  10. The Tabernacle Ark of the Covenant Altar of Incense Table of Showbread 1) The confession of sins Lampstand Laver Altar of Burnt Offerings 2) The sending away of the scapegoat Outline, p. 111

  11. “Indeed vss 21 and 22 state that this goat is to bear away the sin of the people. Such a ritual would illustrate vividly the physical removal of defilement from the camp to a solitary place where it would no longer infest the nation. A parallel to the scapegoat can be seen in the ritual for a recovered leper. Two birds were selected. One was to be killed and both the leper and the living bird were to be touched with its blood. Then the living bird was released. This bird carried away the evil, the leprosy itself, into the open field and then the leper was pronounced clean (Lev 14:1–9).” Outline, p. 112 Schultz, TWOT, p. 658

  12. “The one goat which was ‘for Jehovah’ was offered as a sin-offering, by which atonement was made. But the sins must also be visibly banished, and therefore they were symbolically laid by confession on the other goat, which was then ‘sent away for Azazel’ into the wilderness.” Outline, p. 112 Easton, Easton’s Bible Dictionary, “Azazel”

  13. The Tabernacle Ark of the Covenant Altar of Incense Table of Showbread Lampstand Laver Altar of Burnt Offerings The burnt offerings Outline, p. 113

  14. The Tabernacle Ark of the Covenant Altar of Incense Table of Showbread Lampstand Laver Altar of Burnt Offerings The disposal of the bodies of the sin sacrifices Outline, p. 113

  15. The Ritual: First Century Changes • 7 days of preparation for the high priest • Kept in the temple • Sprinkled on the 3rd and 7th days...just in case! • A deputy was appointed • The killing of the scapegoat • Ten booths set up • The goat was pushed off of a precipice. “Leviticus 16 does not give us a complete guide to the ceremonies of the Day of Atonement. The main outline is clear and we may well argue that everything that is needed is said here. But it would not be possible to go through all the ritual with nothing more to guide us than the directions given in this chapter and the gaps might conceivably be filled in more ways than one. To cite one small example, the high priest is directed to take a censer full of burning coals into the Holy of Holies together with incense with which to make a cloud of smoke (Lv. 16:12). But there is no direction about taking it out. Did censers pile up in the Holy of Holies from year to year? Did the high priest remove last year’s censer when he took this year’s in? Or did he take his censer out at a later point in the day’s activities? There is no indication. The main points are quite clear and there would have been no difficulty in filling in the gaps by customary procedures. All that I am saying is that there were gaps.” (Morris, The Atonement: Its Meaning and Significance, 74) Outline, p. 113-115

  16. Outline, p. 115

  17. Atonement • Atonement is associated with purification or cleansing in a cause-and-effect relationship. Leviticus 16:16–19 (ESV)16 Thus he shall make atonement for the Holy Place, because of the uncleannesses of the people of Israel and because of their transgressions, all their sins. And so he shall do for the tent of meeting, which dwells with them in the midst of their uncleannesses. 17 No one may be in the tent of meeting from the time he enters to make atonement in the Holy Place until he comes out and has made atonement for himself and for his house and for all the assembly of Israel. 18 Then he shall go out to the altar that is before the Lord and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar all around. 19 And he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it and consecrate it from the uncleannesses of the people of Israel. Outline, p. 115

  18. Atonement • Atonement is associated with purification or cleansing in a cause-and-effect relationship. • Atonement was not always accomplished through blood. Leviticus 16:30 (ESV)For on this day shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you. You shall be clean before the Lord from all your sins. Exodus 30:15–16 (ESV)15 The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less, than the half shekel, when you give the Lord’s offering to make atonement for your lives. 16 You shall take the atonement money from the people of Israel and shall give it for the service of the tent of meeting, that it may bring the people of Israel to remembrance before the Lord, so as to make atonement for your lives.” (See also Numbers 16:46-47) Outline, p. 115

  19. Atonement Defined • The basic meaning of the Hebrew verb translated “to make atonement” (kapar) is “to cover.” • Atonement and forgiveness are not the same thing. Leviticus 4:20 (ESV)Thus shall he do with the bull. As he did with the bull of the sin offering, so shall he do with this. And the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven. Leviticus 4:26 (ESV)And all its fat he shall burn on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings. So the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin, and he shall be forgiven. The English word “atonement” does not appear in the New Testament in either the NKJV or the ESV. Outline, p. 116

  20. Atonement Defined • The basic meaning of the Hebrew verb translated “to make atonement” (kapar) is “to cover.” • Atonement and forgiveness are not the same thing. Summary Atonement provided that which was required for cleanness/purification. Atonement provided that which was required for forgiveness. The English word “atonement” does not appear in the New Testament in either the NKJV or the ESV. Outline, p. 118

  21. Forgiveness at the Point of Sacrifice? A Sticky Wicket Indeed! Outline, p. 118

  22. Negative Affirmative Forgiveness at the Point of Sacrifice? • “...and he shall be forgiven” • Forgiveness later, but not immediately • Romans 3:25 • God passed over former sins in the sense that He did not punish the sinners, even though the sins were not actually forgiven. • The blood of bulls and goats cannot take away sins (Heb. 10:4). • Note: This passage speaks to the means of forgiveness, not the time. • “...and he shall be forgiven” • Lev. 4:20, 26, 31, et. al. • Granted on the basis of the sacrifice of Jesus • Revelation 13:8 (NKJV) - “the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world” • Romans 3:25 • God passed over former sins in the sense that He forgave the sinners even though no availing sacrifice had yet been offered. Ultimately the means of forgiveness of sins is the sacrifice of Jesus, regardless of when forgiveness was extended.The animal sacrifices represented obedient faith, the condition to be met by the sinner to be forgiven. Outline, p. 118

  23. Negative Affirmative Forgiveness at the Point of Sacrifice? • “...and he shall be forgiven” • Forgiveness later, but not immediately • Romans 3:25 • God passed over former sins in the sense that He did not punish the sinners, even though the sins were not actually forgiven. • The blood of bulls and goats cannot take away sins (Heb. 10:4). • Note: This passage speaks to the means of forgiveness, not the time. • “...and he shall be forgiven” • Lev. 4:20, 26, 31, et. al. • Granted on the basis of the sacrifice of Jesus • Revelation 13:8 (NKJV) - “the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world” • Romans 3:25 • God passed over former sins in the sense that He forgave the sinners even though no availing sacrifice had yet been offered. The question of whether or not atonement can be accomplished at one point in time and forgiveness extended later is relevant to the sacrifice of Christ as well inasmuch as Jesus made atonement centuries ago, yet forgiveness is extended to the obedient believer at the point of water baptism. Outline, p. 119

  24. The Scapegoat Outline, p. 24

  25. Azazel • The word appears only 4x in the OT - all in Lev. 16 • Possible meanings: • Etymological • “Entire removal” • “goat of departure” • Location: “separations” • An evil spirit or desert demon • Reference in apocryphal book (Enoch) • Another name for Satan “The form of this word indicates intensity, and therefore signifies the total separation of sin: it was wholly carried away. It was important that the result of the sacrifices offered by the high priest alone in the sanctuary should be embodied in a visible transaction, and hence the dismissal of the ‘scape-goat.’ It was of no consequence what became of it, as the whole import of the transaction lay in its being sent into the wilderness bearing away sin. As the goat ‘for Jehovah’ was to witness to the demerit of sin and the need of the blood of atonement, so the goat ‘for Azazel’ was to witness to the efficacy of the sacrifice and the result of the shedding of blood in the taking away of sin.” -- Easton, Easton’s Bible Dictionary, “Azazel” Outline, p. 112-113

  26. The Real behind the Shadow Outline, p. 119

  27. Connections between the Day of Atonement and Hebrews Leviticus 16:6 (ESV)“Aaron shall offer the bull as a sin offering for himself and shall make atonement for himself and for his house. The priest had to offer sacrifices for himself as well as for the people. Hebrews 5:1–3 (ESV)1 For every high priest chosen from among men is appointed to act on behalf of men in relation to God, to offer gifts and sacrifices for sins. 2 He can deal gently with the ignorant and wayward, since he himself is beset with weakness. 3 Because of this he is obligated to offer sacrifice for his own sins just as he does for those of the people. Hebrews 7:27 (ESV)He has no need, like those high priests, to offer sacrifices daily, first for his own sins and then for those of the people, since he did this once for all when he offered up himself. Outline, p. 119

  28. Connections between the Day of Atonement and Hebrews Leviticus 16:11 (ESV)“Aaron shall present the bull as a sin offering for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house. He shall kill the bull as a sin offering for himself. The high priest entered into the presence of God. Hebrews 9:11–12 (ESV)11 But when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things that have come, then through the greater and more perfect tent (not made with hands, that is, not of this creation) 12 he entered once for all into the holy places, not by means of the blood of goats and calves but by means of his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption. Hebrews 9:24 (ESV)For Christ has entered, not into holy places made with hands, which are copies of the true things, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God on our behalf. Outline, p. 119

  29. Connections between the Day of Atonement and Hebrews Leviticus 16:15 (ESV)“Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering that is for the people and bring its blood inside the veil and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, sprinkling it over the mercy seat and in front of the mercy seat. The Day of Atonement reminded people of the ineffectual nature of animal sacrifices. Hebrews 7:19 (ESV)(for the law made nothing perfect); but on the other hand, a better hope is introduced, through which we draw near to God. Hebrews 10:1–4 (ESV)1 For since the law has but a shadow of the good things to come instead of the true form of these realities, it can never, by the same sacrifices that are continually offered every year, make perfect those who draw near. 2 Otherwise, would they not have ceased to be offered, since the worshipers, having once been cleansed, would no longer have any consciousness of sins? 3 But in these sacrifices there is a reminder of sins every year. 4 For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins. Outline, p. 119

  30. Connections between the Day of Atonement and Hebrews Exodus 36-40 (ESV) The tabernacle made with hands vs. the Real Tabernacle NOT made with hands. Hebrews 8:2 (ESV)a minister in the holy places, in the true tent that the Lord set up, not man. Hebrews 9:11 (ESV)But when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things that have come, then through the greater and more perfect tent (not made with hands, that is, not of this creation) Hebrews 9:23–24 (ESV)23 Thus it was necessary for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these rites, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24 For Christ has entered, not into holy places made with hands, which are copies of the true things, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God on our behalf. Outline, p. 120

  31. Connections between the Day of Atonement and Hebrews Leviticus 16:3–5 (ESV)3 But in this way Aaron shall come into the Holy Place: with a bull from the herd for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. 4 He shall put on the holy linen coat and shall have the linen undergarment on his body, and he shall tie the linen sash around his waist, and wear the linen turban; these are the holy garments. He shall bathe his body in water and then put them on. 5 And he shall take from the congregation of the people of Israel two male goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering. Goat and Calf - the animals offered on the Day of Atonement Hebrews 9:12–13 (ESV)12 he entered once for all into the holy places, not by means of the blood of goats and calves but by means of his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption. 13 For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the sprinkling of defiled persons with the ashes of a heifer, sanctify for the purification of the flesh, Hebrews 10:4 (ESV)For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins. Outline, p. 120

  32. Connections between the Day of Atonement and Hebrews Leviticus 16:27 (ESV)And the bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place, shall be carried outside the camp. Their skin and their flesh and their dung shall be burned up with fire. The bodies of sin sacrifices were burned outside the camp. Hebrews 13:11–12 (ESV)11 For the bodies of those animals whose blood is brought into the holy places by the high priest as a sacrifice for sin are burned outside the camp. 12 So Jesus also suffered outside the gate in order to sanctify the people through his own blood. Outline, p. 120

  33. Connections between the Day of Atonement and Hebrews Leviticus 16:21–22 (ESV)21 And Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over it all the iniquities of the people of Israel, and all their transgressions, all their sins. And he shall put them on the head of the goat and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who is in readiness. 22 The goat shall bear all their iniquities on itself to a remote area, and he shall let the goat go free in the wilderness. The scapegoat bore the sins of the people to a remote area outside the camp. Hebrews 13:13 (ESV)Therefore let us go to him outside the camp and bear the reproach he endured. Outline, p. 120

  34. The Scapegoat Isaiah 53:6, 11, 12 (ESV)6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned—every one—to his own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all. 11 Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities. 12 Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors. Leviticus 16:22 (ESV)The goat shall bear all their iniquities on itself to a remote area, and he shall let the goat go free in the wilderness. 1 Peter 2:24 (ESV)He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, that we might die to sin and live to righteousness. By his wounds you have been healed. Outline, p. 120

  35. Connections between the Day of Atonement and Hebrews Summarized... • Jesus is our High Priest. • Hebrews 2:17; 4:14; 5:10; 7:26; 8:1-2; 9:11; 10:11-13 • Jesus is the offering for our sins. • Hebrews 7:27; 9:12-14, 26, 28; 10:10 • Jesus is the One who bears our sins. • Hebrews 9:28; 1 Peter 2:24 (same Greek verb in both passages) “In Christ are consummated all the atonement concepts of the OT.” -- Schultz, TWOT, p. 658 Outline, p. 121

  36. Jesus’ Work Blood shed on the cross Presentation of Blood in heaven itself Shedding of Blood Presentation of Blood Outline, p.121

  37. Conclusions!! • The Day of Atonement emphasized: • The seriousness of sin • The holiness of God • The privilege of man to enter the presence of God • Animal sacrifices were inadequate • We can “draw near” to the presence of God with confidence. Outline, p. 121

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