Exploring the Diversity of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria: A Comprehensive Overview

1. TYPES OF NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA P R E S E N T A T I O N www.indogulfbioag.com

2. INTRODUCTION Welcome to our presentation on Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria! Nitrogen is an essential element for life on Earth, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria play a crucial role in making it available to plants. Let's dive into the world of these remarkable microorganisms.

3. THE NITROGEN CYCLE The nitrogen cycle is the continuous process of nitrogen changing its form and moving through the environment. 01 Nitrogen gas (N2) makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere but is unusable by most living organisms. 02 Nitrogen needs to be "fixed" or converted into a usable form, such as ammonia (NH3) or nitrate (NO3-), for plants to absorb. 03

4. TYPES OF NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are categorized into two main types: symbiotic and free-living.

5. These bacteria form mutually beneficial relationships with plants, primarily legumes (e.g., soybeans, clover, and peanuts). SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA 01 02 Rhizobia are the most well- known symbiotic nitrogen fixers. 03 They live in nodules on the plant's roots and convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which the plant can use.

6. FREE-LIVING NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA These bacteria are not dependent on a specific plant host. 01 02 They inhabit the soil and aquatic environments. They convert nitrogen gas into ammonia, enriching the soil and making nitrogen available to plants. Azotobacter and Clostridium are examples of free-living nitrogen fixers. 03 04

7. THE NITROGEN FIXATION PROCESS Nitrogen fixation is a complex biochemical process that involves converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. Nitrogenase enzymes are responsible for this conversion. These enzymes are extremely sensitive to oxygen and work in low-oxygen conditions.

8. IMPORTANCE OF NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA Nitrogen is a key component of amino acids, proteins, and DNA, vital for plant growth. 01 Nitrogen fixation reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers, which can harm the environment. 02 These bacteria enhance soil fertility and crop yields, contributing to sustainable agriculture. 03

9. 01 Farmers use nitrogen-fixing crops like legumes in crop rotation to replenish soil nitrogen levels. AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS Inoculants containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria are applied to seeds before planting. 02 This reduces the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, lowering production costs. 03

10. They help maintain a balance in ecosystems by ensuring a steady supply of nitrogen to plants and other organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Nitrogen-fixing bacteria play a role in reducing nitrate pollution in water bodies.

11. CONCLUSION Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are essential for maintaining the nitrogen cycle and supporting life on Earth. Their symbiotic and free-living forms make nitrogen accessible to plants, contributing to food security and environmental sustainability.

12. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Let's open the floor to questions and discussions. 1 437 774 3831 www.indogulfbioag.com