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Q1. Blood glucose concentration in humans must be kept between 4.4 and 6.1 mmol per dm 3 .

   ( i )     Which student, A , B , C or D , has diabetes and has eaten a large piece of cake ? (1)          (ii)     Which student, A , B , C or D , is in most need of eating carbohydrates ? (1)

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Q1. Blood glucose concentration in humans must be kept between 4.4 and 6.1 mmol per dm 3 .

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  1.    (i)     Which student, A, B, C or D, has diabetes and has eaten a large piece of cake? (1)          (ii)     Which student, A, B, C or D, is in most need of eating carbohydrates? (1)          (iii)     Which student, A, B, C or D, has a healthy blood glucose  concentration? (1) (b)     (i)      Name the hormone that people with diabetes inject to prevent their blood glucose concentration from becoming too high. ...........................................................................................................(1) (ii)     Blood glucose concentration is monitored in the body. Which organ monitors blood glucose concentration? Draw a ring around the correct answer. Brain Liver Pancreas -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Q1.Blood glucose concentration in humans must be kept between 4.4 and 6.1 mmol per dm3. Four students, A, B, C and D, tested their blood glucose concentration with glucose testing strips. The diagram shows the results of their tests and the key from the test strip bottle. Answers (a)     (i)      B 1 (ii)     D 1 (iii)    C 1 (b)     (i)      insulin 1 (ii)     pancreas 1 Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  2. The diagram below shows the pathway for a simple reflex action.  What type of neurone is neuroneX? (1) Draw a ring around the correct answer. motor neurone                    relay neurone                sensory neurone (1) (b)     There is a gap between neuroneX and neuroneY. (1) (i)      What word is used to describe a gap between two neurones? (1) Draw a ring around the correct answer. effector                    receptor                    synapse (ii)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. • Information passes across the gap as • a chemical. an electrical impulse pressure. (1) (c)     Describe what happens to the muscle when it receives an impulse from neuroneZ. How does thisreflex action help the body? What happens to the muscle ........................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ How this helps the body ................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................(2) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers a)     sensory neurone 1 (b)     (i)      synapse 1 (ii)     a chemical 1 (c)     (What happens to the muscle) mark both parts of the question together any one from: •        contraction / contracts ignore relaxation / relaxes / tenses 1 •        gets shorter (How this helps the body) idea of protection for body (from damage / pain) eg moves finger / arm away (from pin / stimulus / source of pain) 1 Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  3. Hormones control the menstrual cycle. (a)     Name two of the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle. 1 ..................................................................................................................... 2 .....................................................................................................................(2) (b)     Hormones are used in some types of contraception. Complete the sentence. When used as contraceptives, hormones stop ...................... becoming mature. (1) (c)     There are several ways of using hormones as contraceptives. These include: •        taking a contraceptive pill each day for 21 days of the menstrual cycle •        using a contraceptive implant. The contraceptive implant is put under the skin of a woman’s arm. The implant releases contraceptive hormones for three years before the implant needs to be replaced. (i)      Suggest one advantage of using this implant rather than taking contraceptive pills. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1) (ii)     Suggest one disadvantage of using this implant rather than taking contraceptive pills. ............................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................(1) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers  (a)     any two from: •        FSH do not accept FHS •        LH do not accept LSH •        oestrogen allow progesterone as alternative to any hormone 2 (b)     egg(s) / egg cell(s) / ova do not accept ovaries do not accept fertilised eggs (c)     (i)      any one from: ignore faster •        don’t have to take (pill) every day ignore side effects •        can’t forget to take ignore cost •        more reliable •        lasts 3 years / lasts longer •        hormone level in blood more constant (ii)     any one from: ignore cost •        eg painful (to insert) / uncomfortable / causes rash ignore side effects unqualified •        woman can’t take it out •        more difficult to stop treatment •        needs to be removed if woman decides to become pregnant allow have to wait three years to become pregnant Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  4. Our bodies control the concentration of glucose in the blood. Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. (a)     The concentration of glucose in the blood is controlled by a hormone called Carbohydrase insulin protease (1) (b) This hormone is produced by the Stomach intestine pancreas (1) (C) If the body does not produce enough of this hormone, the person develops Diabetes cystic fibrosis Huntington’s disease (1) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers (a)     insulin extra ring drawn cancels the mark 1 (b)     pancreas extra ring drawn cancels the mark 1 (c)     diabetes extra ring drawn cancels the mark 1 Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  5. Q1.Neurones pass information around the body. (a)     Why are reflex reactions important? ........................................................................................................................ (1) (b)     Caffeine is a drug found in coffee. After a person drinks coffee information passes through neurones in the nervous system more quickly. Suggest a hypothesis for the effect of caffeine concentration on reaction time. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (1) (c)     Two students investigated the effect of caffeine concentration on reaction time. This is the method used. 1.      Student A drinks a cup of coffee. 2.      Student B holds a ruler above Student A’s hand. 3.      Student B drops the ruler. 4.      Student A catches the ruler as quickly as she can. 5.      The distance the ruler falls is recorded. Suggest how this method could be improved to produce valid results. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (6) (Total 8 marks) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers a)     fast reaction to reduce / protect from harm allow named examples 1 (b)     higher caffeine concentration causes shorter reaction time. allow converse ignore ‘faster / slower reactiontime’ 1 (c) Indicative content •        use decaffeinated coffee as control •        control volume of coffee •        blind trial or do not tell students which coffee they are drinking •        left for standard time between drink and test •        at least 10 minutes •        control start position of ruler •        control other factors such as light in the room •        same person for different concentrations •        repeat for each caffeine concentration •        use a range of caffeine concentrations •        start with lowest concentration of caffeine •        use caffeine solution instead of coffee to control for other ingredients •        repeat investigation with more people and calculate means 6 Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  6. The table shows the student’s results. (c)     A student did an investigation to model the behaviour of the penguins shown in Photograph 2. The diagram shows the apparatus the student used. The student: •        held seven similar test tubes together with elastic bands as shown in the diagram •        stood a similar eighth tube in a test tube rack •        filled each of the eight tubes with hot water to the same level •        measured the temperature of the water in tubes A, B and C every 2 minutes for 20 minutes. The table shows the student’s results. (i)      Give two variables that were controlled in the investigation. 1 ............................................................................................................ 2 ............................................................................................................(2) (ii)     Describe the patterns the data shows. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................(2) (iii)    How far does the data from the model support the suggestion you made in part (b)? ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................(2) (d)     Describe how blood vessels help control human body temperature. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................(4) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers (c)     (i)      any two from: •        size of tubes •        volume of (hot) water accept amount of (hot) water •        left for same length of time allow measured at same time intervals •        starting temperature 2 (ii)     any two from: •        tube alone (C) lost heat most (rapidly) •        tube B intermediate •        tube A least (rapidly) allow correct use of figures for all 3 tubes ignore just quoting final temperature 2 (iii)    confirms suggestion no mark awardedaccept correct answers referring to other suggestions in (b) since (both outer and inner) tubes in bundle lost heat less rapidly (than ‘stand − alone’ tube) comparison needed 1 penguins in a huddle lose less heat (than single ones) accept ‘it is the same for penguins’ 1 Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  7. Reflex actions are rapid and automatic. (a)     Name the following structures in a reflex action. (i)      The structure that detects the stimulus. ...........................................................................................................................(1) (ii)     The neurone that carries impulses to the central nervous system. ...........................................................................................................................(1) (iii)     The neurone that carries impulses away from the central nervous system. ...........................................................................................................................(1) (iv)    The structure that brings about the response. ...........................................................................................................................(1) (b)     Describe what happens at a synapse when an impulse arrives. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................(2) (c)     Some people have a condition in which information from the skin does not reach the brain.           Explain why this is dangerous for the person. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... (2) (Total 8 marks) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers (a)     (i)      receptor allow named receptor eg light receptor ignore sensory neurone allow sense organ / named sensory organ eg skin / eye 1 (ii)     sensory (neurone) allow afferent 1 (iii)     motor (neurone) allow efferent 1 (iv)    effector / muscle / gland / named 1 (b)     any two from: •        impulse / information passes from one neurone to anotheror impulse / information passes across gap •        chemical / transmitter involved •        diffusion (across gap) 2 (c)     brain / person not aware of pain / stimulus / can’t feel allow brain/ person doesn’t know / realise / unable to coordinate ignore reflex ignore information 1           possibility of (permanent / serious) damage / eg burning ignore danger 1 [8] Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  8. (a)     (i)      Where are hormones produced? ...........................................................................................................................(1) (ii)     How do hormones move around the body? ...........................................................................................................................(1) (b)     Insulin is a hormone. (i)      Where is insulin produced? ...........................................................................................................................(1) (ii)     Explain the role of insulin in controlling blood sugar levels. ........................................................................................................................... ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(4) (Total 7 marks) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers (a)     (i)      endocrine glands or endocrine system allow a specific named gland 1 (ii)     (dissolved) in the blood(stream) or plasma 1 (b)     (i)      pancreas or islets of Langerhans 1 (ii)     (it or insulin) lowers blood sugar level [1]          (by) (speeding up or increasing)conversion of glucose to glycogen [1]          in the liver [1]          (and) speeding up or increasing uptake of glucose by body cells [1] 4 Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  9.  (a)     Give three receptors which a mouse might use to detect food under natural conditions. 1 .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... 2 .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... 3 .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... (3) (b)     Whilst observing mouse behaviour, a student drops a pen near the mouse’s cage. The mouse jumps at the noise.           Describe, as fully as you can, the processes by which the mouse responds to the stimulus of the dropped pen. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .............................. (6) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers  (a)     light/eyesmell/nosetaste/chemical/tongue for 1 mark each 3 (b)     6 of e.g.receptors in ear detect sound waves/vibrationsimpulses/electrical signals to brainbrain co-ordinates responseimpulses sent along nervesto muscles/effectors which contract to bring about response any 6 for 1 mark each 6 Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  10.  The picture shows some birth control (contraceptive) pills for women.           These are some facts about using the birth control pills: •        birth control pills are 99 per cent effective in preventing pregnancy •        the hormones in the pills have some rare but serious side effects •        this method of birth control gives no protection against sexually transmitted diseases •        the hormones in the pills give protection against some women’s diseases •        the woman has to remember to take the pill every day •        the woman’s monthly periods become more regular.           Use the information above to answer these questions. (a)     Give two advantages of using birth control pills. 1 .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... 2 .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... (2) (b)     Give two disadvantages of using birth control pills. 1 .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... 2 .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... (2) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers  (a)     any two for one mark each answers should relate to the ideas in the list           birth control pills are 99 % effective in preventing pregnancy           the hormones in the pills give protection against some women’s diseases condom (neutral)           the woman’s monthly periods become more regular 2 (b)     any two for one mark each answers should relate to the ideas in the list           the hormones in the pills have some rare but serious side effects only 99% effective           this method of birth control provides no protection againstsexually transmitted disease           a woman has to remember to take a pill every day Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  11.  In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) treatment helps infertile women to become pregnant. (a)     Name the two hormones in a fertility drug. 1 ..................................................................................................................... 2 .....................................................................................................................(2) (b)     The table shows the effectiveness of IVF treatment in one clinic in 2010. (i)      What is the relationship between the age of women and the success of IVF treatment? ............................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................(1) (ii)     Use information from the table to give one ethical problem with IVF. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (1) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers a)allow lower case answers can be in either order FSH accept follicle stimulating hormone ignore FHS 1 LH accept luteinising hormone do not accept oestrogen / progesterone 1 (b)     (i)      the older the woman, the less successful the treatment OWTTE relationship needed to obtain mark 1 (ii)answer must relate to data in table (many) embryos die / destroyed / do not survive allow low success rate / often does not work allow could lead to multiple births ignore older women should not have babies ignore not natural / finance ignore religion / ‘against God’s will’ Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  12. In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. Homeostasis keeps conditions in the body relatively constant. The amount of water in the body is controlled by homeostasis. Kidney function is controlled by a gland in the brain. Describe how the water content of the blood is controlled. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... (Total 6 marks) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers 0 marksNo relevant content. Level 1 (1 – 2 marks)There is a brief description of kidney function including a mention of pituitary gland orhormones but roles may be confused. Level 2 (3 – 4 marks)There is a clear description of kidney function in relation to fluctuations in blood water levels and the roles of the pituitary gland or hormone is mentioned with correct role. Level 3 (5 – 6 marks)There is a clear and detailed scientific description of kidney function in relation to fluctuations in blood water levels and of the roles of the pituitary gland and ADH. examples of biology points made in the response: •        if water content too low, ADH released •        from pituitary gland •        into the blood •        (causing) kidney reabsorbs more water •        more concentrated / small volume urine produced •        if water content too high, ADH lowered / not produced •        less water reabsorbed by kidney •        more dilute / larger volume urine produced full marks may be awarded for detailed description of either water loss or gain Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  13. The number of cases of Type 2 diabetes in the UK is increasing rapidly. • (a)     Describe how insulin and glucagon help control the blood sugar concentration in a healthy person. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... (Total 6 marks) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD---------------------- Answers (a)     any six from: •        hormone(s) / named produced by pancreas •        if blood glucose levels are too high, insulin is produced / released •        allowing glucose to move from the blood into the cells / named eg liver •        glucose is converted to glycogen •        if blood glucose levels fall, glucagon is produced / released •        glycogen is converted to glucose •        causing glucose to be released into the blood 6 Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

  14.    Hormones are used in contraceptive pills. (a)     Explain how a contraceptive pill works. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... (2) (b)     Read the information about the trialling of the first contraceptive pill. The Pill was developed by a team of scientists led by Gregory Pincus. The team needed to carry out large scale trials on humans. In the summer of 1955, Pincus visited the island of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Officials supported birth control as a form of population control. Pincus knew that if he could demonstrate that the poor, uneducated women of Puerto Rico could use the pill correctly then so could women anywhere in the world. The scientists selected a pill with a high dose of hormones to ensure that no pregnancies would occur while test subjects were taking the drug. The Pill was found to be 100% effective when taken properly. But 17% of the women in the study complained of side effects. Pincus ignored these side effects. The women in the trial had been told only that they were taking a drug that prevented pregnancy. They had not been told that the Pill was experimental or that there was a chance of dangerous side effects. Evaluate the methods used by Pincus in trialling the contraceptive pill. .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................(5) -------------FOLD----------FOLD------------FOLD----------------------  (a)     inhibits FSH (production / secretion) 1 (therefore) no eggs mature / released if no other marks gained allow 1mark for no eggs produced 1 or effect of FSH on ovary described references to LH are neutral (b)     maximum 4 marks if no conclusion Pros max 2marks from 4 marks e.g. •        large scale trial gave better results •        chose uneducated women so that if these women could use it correctly,women elsewhere would be able to cons max 3 marks from 4 marks e.g. •        used pill with high dose of hormone – either so results not valid for generaluse of hormone or dangerous •        side effects ignored •        women not told pill was experimental / pill might have side effects •        no placebo •        should have tried a range of doses •        should have done pre-trial to check for side effects 4           conclusion 1 mark e.g.trials flawed therefore cons outweigh pros           accept reverse e.g. trials flawed but pros outweigh cons Topic 4.5 Homeostasis Flashcards

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