1 / 43

ANATOMI PERBANDINGAN VERTEBRATA

ANATOMI PERBANDINGAN VERTEBRATA. Novi Febrianti. SEKILAS ANATOMI. Anatomi berasal dari bahasa Yunani yang berarti memotong Istilah-istilah anatomi berasal dari bahasa Yunani dan Latin. Cabang – cabang Anatomi :. Microscopic anatomy / Anatomi mikroskopis ( Sitologi , Histologi )

infinity
Download Presentation

ANATOMI PERBANDINGAN VERTEBRATA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ANATOMI PERBANDINGANVERTEBRATA Novi Febrianti

  2. SEKILAS ANATOMI • AnatomiberasaldaribahasaYunani yang berartimemotong • Istilah-istilahanatomiberasaldaribahasaYunanidan Latin

  3. Cabang –cabangAnatomi: • Microscopic anatomy/Anatomimikroskopis (Sitologi, Histologi) • Developmental anatomy/Anatomiperkembangan (Embriologi) • Comparative anatomy/Anatomiperbandingan

  4. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY • Mempelajarisusunantubuhhewan vertebrata • Membandingkansusunan organ tubuhantarkelaspada sub phylum vertebrata • Tubuhhewanterbagimenjadi : - caput / chepala : kepala - collum / cervix : leher - trunchus : badan - cauda : ekor - extremitas : anggotabadanbebas ^ ant / pos ^ sup / inv

  5. TERMINOLOGI • Anterior – posterior (arah) • Superior – inferior (arah) • Dorsal : daerahpunggung • Ventral : daerahperut • Lateral : daerahsamping / sisi • Cranial : daerahkepala • Caudal : daerahekor • Abdominal : daerahbadan • Thoracal : daerah dada (dalam dada)

  6. TERMINOLOGI • Sinister : kiri • Dexter : kanan • Medial : daerahtengah • Linea mediana : garistengahtubuh • Proximal : lebihkearah / dekat LM • Distal : lebihmenjauhi LM • Origo : titikpangkaltidakbergerak • Insersio : : menimbulkangerak

  7. TERMINOLOGI • Organ analog • Mayor = besar • Minor = kecil • Pectoral : dada • Pelvis : punggung bawah • Bilateral simetri

  8. BAB 9 DUNIA HEWAN Simetri tubuh Dorsal Posterior Bidang simetri Bidang simetri Dorsal Ventral Anterior Ventral Simetri radial Simetri bilateral

  9. BAB 9 DUNIA HEWAN Tiga kelompok hewan triploblastik Cacing pipih Cacing gilig Mesoderm (otot) Ektoderm Pseudoselom Ektoderm Endoderm (usus) Organ internal Endoderm (usus) Mesoderm (otot) Mesenkim Aselomata Pseudoselomata Cacing tanah Ektoderm Mesoderm (otot) Selom Organ internal Endoderm (usus) Mesoderm (peritoneum) Selomata

  10. BAB 9 DUNIA HEWAN Sistem penyokong tubuh hewan Cangkang luar Tubuh lintah dibentuk oleh cairan di dalam tubuhnya Endoskeleton Eksoskeleton

  11. BAB 9 DUNIA HEWAN Sistem tubuh pada hewan Usus bagian dari sistem saluran pencernaan Otak kecil Otak sederhana dengan dua ganglion Lambung Testis Saluran kelamin Ovarium Eksoskeleton Notokorda berada di sepanjang tubuh bagian ventral Kelenjar pencernaan Otak besar Paru-paru Ginjal Jantung Usus Pembuluh darah

  12. PHYLUM CHORDATA Ciri – ciri : • Adanya dorsal tubular nerve cord, padakeadaanembrio, larva atauseumurhidup. • Mempunyai notochord, minimal padafaseembrio • Padadinding pharynx adalubang-lubang/celah-celahpadakeadaan larva atauseumurhidup (pharyngeal slits). • Mempunyaiekor

  13. Anatomy of a Chordate

  14. Subphylum Urochordata • sea squirts or tunicates • notochord present only in free-swimming larvum • notochord does not extend into head • larvum is free-swimming but non-feeding • adult is sessile filter feeder

  15. Subphylum Urochordata • sea squirts or • tunicate • Campbell p 631 • Settle after brief free-swimming larvum existence. Attaches at anterior end. Metamorphosis begins. Body turns 1800. Tail, notochord, dorsal nerve cord, disappear.

  16. Subphylum Cephalochordata • “head” cord • lancelet or Amphioxus • notochord present throughout life – extends into head region • shallow marine waters • chordate characteristics developed and apparent in adult • tail has blocks of muscles called myotomes • adults resemble tunicate larvum

  17. Anatomy ofa lancelet

  18. Cephalochordata: lancelet

  19. Subphylum Vertebrata General Characteristics: • chordates with a backbone • exhibit cephalization • closed circulatory system • neural crest (p. 633)

  20. Subphylum Vertebrata Agnatha(without jaws) • lamprey – parasitic bloodsuckers w/ rasping tongue • hagfish – mainly scavengers • no paired appendages • larvum resembles lancelet

  21. Agnatha: a sea lamprey

  22. Lamprey mouth

  23. Subphylum Vertebrata Chondrichthyes(cartilaginous fishes) • flexible endoskeletons of cartilage strengthened by calcium granules • sharks (internal fertilization) • oviparous – egg laying • ovoviviparous – retain fertilized eggs hatch within the uterus • viviparous – young develop in the uterus • suspension-feeders (plankton)

  24. Cephalochordata: lancelet

  25. Subphylum Vertebrata Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) • Bottom feeders – mollusks & crustaceans • Whiplike tail w/ venomous barbs (defense)

  26. Subphylum Vertebrata Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) • Bottom feeders – mollusks & crustaceans • Whiplike tail w/ venomous barbs (defense)

  27. Subphylum Vertebrata Osteichthyes (bony fishes) • Endoskeleton of hard calcium phosphate matrix • Operculum- protective flap • Swim bladder – controls buoyancy

  28. Seahorse

  29. Subphylum Vertebrata Amphibia (“two lives”) • first tetrapods • transition to land – still tied to water for respiration and reproduction • Gills  lungs (metamorphosis) • Frogs, toads, salamanders, newts

  30. Subphylum Vertebrata Reptilia(Campbell, p. 644) (to creep) • lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises, Gila monsters, crocodiles, alligators • first true land animal • Scales, lungs, amniotic egg • no feathers • cold-blooded – ectotherms – (energy conservation)

  31. Hatching reptile

  32. Subphylum Vertebrata Fossil links………… • Evolutionary link ?? between reptiles and birds: Archaeopteryx , a Jurassuc bird-reptile • Clawed forelimbs • Teeth • Long tail w/ vertebrae

  33. Archaeopteryx

  34. Subphylum Vertebrata Aves (bird) • feathered • few flightless: ostrich, kiwi, emu • breastbone with keel – carina – permitting flight • jays, sparrows, warblers, etc

  35. Subphylum Vertebrata Mammalia(breast) • Hair or fur of keratin • Active metabolism = endothermic • Efficient respiration w/ diaphragm • Efficient circulation w/ 4-chambered heart • Layer of fat • Mammary glands, tooth differentiation

  36. Subphylum Vertebrata Mammalia(breast) • Monotremes – egg-laying mammals (Platypuses & echidnas – spiny anteaters) • Placental mammals • Marsupial mammals – kangaroo, opossum

  37. Marsupial Placental Marsupial &PlacentalMammals

More Related