Foldable - Titles

1. Warm Up: ImagesNotes on: Long Term Causes of the Civil WarClosing Activity: First Person Accounts Review

2. Foldable - Titles • Long Term Causes • Immediate Causes • Key Battles and Places • Key People and Groups • Innovations and Advantages • Legacies • Plans for Reconstruction • End of Reconstruction • Flow Chart

7. State’s Rights -Federalism -system of multiple governments in order to give more localized decision making power -10th Amendment -all powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states and people.

8. Slavery -pro-slavery South – wants more slaves and to retain old slaves -anti-slavery North – wants to free old slaves and to stop slave trade -opposed growth of slavery North does not want to hold to Missouri Compromise, but wants each territory to decide slavery or free state

9. Nullification -Sedition Acts -Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions State Nullification -Tariff laws 1828 Tariff Crisis “Tariff of Abominations” – High Protective Tariff that helped the North and hurt the South. -Slavery issues -southern threats to nullify any anti-slavery laws Additional discussion of secession if north tries to force emancipation

10. Nullification -Sedition Acts -Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions -Tariff laws 1828 Tariff Crisis -Slavery issues -southern threats to nullify any anti-slavery laws

11. Sectionalism -issues become more and more regional in nature N. And S. continue to split by region -slavery, tariffs, economics Main issues between N and S -industrial north Shipping and Industry -agricultural south Cotton Kingdom

12. Compromise of 1820 -drew a line to determine the future areas of slavery Missouri Compromise -solved the slavery debate for about 20 years Only arises again as a new issue with defeat of Mexico in Mexican War with Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

13. Compromise of 1850 -Wilmot Proviso tried to block slavery in old Mexican areas but is defeated in Congress CA, UT, NM – closed to slavery -California applies for statehood Decides to be a free state debate begins and Clay organizes compromise -California admitted as free state South feels threatened -South gets stronger Fugitive law Caught fugitives were not entitled to a trial by jury or to testify on their own behalf; statement by owner is all that is necessary -Popular Sovereignty to help decide future cases of slavery NM and UT – right of residents to decide

14. Underground Railroad -many early attempts at escape relied on luck No set up or system, individual relying on one self, traveling by night and hiding during the day -network of anti-slavery advocates who helped slaves escape Need to get them to Canada. Personal Liberty Laws – forbade the imprisonment of runaway slaves and guaranteed that they’d have trials – 3-4 yrs. in length -many times slaves needed to get to Canada to be totally free -Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad – “Conductors” – hid fugitives in secret tunnels and false cupboards – provide food and clothing and escorted from station to station – typically in disguise

15. Fugitive Slave Law -allowed slave catchers to go into free areas and capture runaway slaves -made it a crime to help any runaway -suspected slaves need not be given a trial or a chance to testify

16. Underground Railroad 2 My determination for freedom is great, and no one will stop me from getting to my destination even at the cost of my life. Today, I will in embark on this epic journey that many like me dare not try. I do not fear what will happen to me, the fear of captivity will keep me on a path toward freedom. That is where my heart lies, it aches for freedom, every time the word freedom is spoken my determination increases, my hopes are lifted. The time has come to me to take my leave. Just the other day, a northern abolitionist, disguised as a salesman, came by the plantation and left all the information we will need to make our escape. He also gave us a compass to navigate direction when we are not following the North star. This white abolitionist is one of the few brave souls that will daringly risk their own lives to help slaves like us. He told us that the compromise of 1850 and the fugitive slave law passed with it, has made its escaping to freedom much more difficult. We cannot just escape across the Ohio River anymore, because slave catchers may legally find, capture, and return any suspected fugitive into the South since the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act. Now, we must journey to Canada to be truly free. It is now time to go. The first place we must travel to is the swamp. If we make it to the swamp before the bloodhounds catch us, then we might have a chance of using the swamp to throw off the dogs. This will only be the beginning of the journey, but it may be the most difficult and dangerous part, because there will be no one who can help us in this first part of the escape. If we survive until morning, then maybe we will have a chance. Slave

17. In the dead of night With fear and fright We make our run for the north Get past the hunters Hide for a thousand miles And persecution no more A friend of a friend We will be free again Underground railroad is born Escape to freedom And hope to beat'em The ones we left will mourn We've made it north Freedom is ours But there are still millions more.

18. Underground Railroad Today makes the fifth day that we had been gone from our plantation. The first couple of days, we kept hearing the dogs and the catchers following us, but today we have not heard anyone or anything. We had taken pepper seasoning, and thrown it on the ground, hoping the dogs would be thrown off our tracks, and maybe it has worked. I'm so scared that we're going to get caught trying to escape. We were a group of four, but one of my friends, Joseph, was caught the night that we tried to escape. Who knows what they might have done to poor Joseph after he was caught. There are only three of us left now, and we're in the mountains of North Carolina right now. We are supposed to meet up with our guide tonight at the crossroads, just outside of the woods. We are only a few miles away from that point. There have been lots of houses that we have stopped at since that night we escaped. We know the houses are safe, because they have a small candle lit in the window, and we exchange a short password to let each other know we are on the same side. I know that we would have already been caught if not for the kindness of these people along the Underground Railroad. I just hope we don't get caught because we will be sent back to our master's plantation. Being sent back would be the easy part, because we know the punishment will be severe. Quiet, I hear something in the woods, it sounds like leaves rustling. I think it might be catchers, everyone be quiet. Runaway Slave

19. Quiz

20. Name the law that was passed to help southern slave owners recapture slaves who had tried to runaway?

21. This agreement led to California being admitted as a state?

22. This was an abolitionist group who tried to help slaves escape to freedom?

23. This term describes the growing differences between the regions of the nation in the mid-1800’s?

24. Name the most famous of this group’s members?

25. Which amendment gives all powers not given to the Federal government to the states?